GOF设计模式之STRATEGY(策略)

概述

本文将和读者一起来理解GOF设计模式之OBSERVER(代理)。同样，本文将用JAVA对GOF中的示例代码改些，同时附上测试用例。

模式结构

GOF对STRATEGY的模式结构描述如

策略Strategy提供了AlgorithmInterface()接口，而其继承者ConcreteStrategy们将实现AlgorithmInterface()的多态。最后，Context初始化不同的strategy并调用strategy.AlgorithmInterface来实现策略。
看了这个模式结构图，有没有感觉就是一个类的多态。在子类中通过多态的方式实现了不同的方法实现策略。实际上就是这么一回事。

代码示例

为了简单明了地实现策略模式，笔者对示例代码做了瘦身。类结构如

Composition在构造函数中注入Compositor实例，并在Repair接口中调用compositor.Compose()实现策略。
完整代码如

package gof.composition;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Qualifier("arrayCompositor")
public class ArrayCompositor extends Compositor {
    @Override
    public void Compose() {
        System.out.println("compse in ArrayCompositor");
    }
}

package gof.composition;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Scope("prototype")
public class Composition {
    public Compositor compositor;
    public Composition(Compositor compositor) {
        this.compositor = compositor;
    }
    public void Repair() {
        this.compositor.Compose();
    }
}

package gof.composition;

abstract public class Compositor {
    public abstract void Compose();
}

package gof.composition;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Qualifier("simpleCompositor")
public class SimpleCompositor extends Compositor {
    @Override
    public void Compose() {
        System.out.println("compose in SimpleCompositor");
    }
}

package gof.composition;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Qualifier("texCompositor")
public class TeXCompositor extends Compositor {
    @Override
    public void Compose() {
        System.out.println("compse in TeXCompositor");
    }
}

测试用例

package gof.composition;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public class CompositionConfig {

}

package gof.composition;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.contrib.java.lang.system.StandardOutputStreamLog;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoader;

import gof.composition.ArrayCompositor;
import gof.composition.Composition;
import gof.composition.SimpleCompositor;
import gof.composition.TeXCompositor;

@ContextConfiguration(classes=CompositionConfig.class,loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class CompositionTest {
    @Rule
    public final StandardOutputStreamLog log = new StandardOutputStreamLog();
    @Autowired
    protected ApplicationContext context;
    @Autowired
    protected ArrayCompositor arrCompositor;
    @Autowired
    protected SimpleCompositor simpCompositor;  
    @Autowired
    protected TeXCompositor texCompositor;
    @Test
    public void testArrayCom() {
        Composition comp = (Composition) this.context.getBean("composition", this.arrCompositor);
        comp.Repair();
    }
    @Test
    public void testSimpComp() {
        Composition comp = (Composition) this.context.getBean("composition", this.simpCompositor);
        comp.Repair();      
    }
    @Test
    public void testTexComp() {
        Composition comp = (Composition) this.context.getBean("composition", this.texCompositor);
        comp.Repair();      
    }
}