http keep-alive与tcp keep-alive
http keep-alive与tcp keep-alive,不是同一回事,意图不一样。http keep-alive是为了让tcp活得更久一点,以便在同一个连接上传送多个http,提高socket的效率。而tcp keep-alive是TCP的一种检测TCP连接状况的保鲜机制。tcp keep-alive保鲜定时器,支持三个系统内核配置参数:
1 | echo 1800 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time |
2 | echo 15 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl |
3 | echo 5 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_probes |
keepalive是TCP保鲜定时器,当网络两端建立了TCP连接之后,闲置idle(双方没有任何数据流发送往来)了tcp_keepalive_time后,服务器内核就会尝试向客户端发送侦测包,来判断TCP连接状况(有可能客户端崩溃、强制关闭了应用、主机不可达等等)。如果没有收到对方的回答(ack包),则会在 tcp_keepalive_intvl后再次尝试发送侦测包,直到收到对对方的ack,如果一直没有收到对方的ack,一共会尝试 tcp_keepalive_probes次,每次的间隔时间在这里分别是15s, 30s, 45s, 60s, 75s。如果尝试tcp_keepalive_probes,依然没有收到对方的ack包,则会丢弃该TCP连接。TCP连接默认闲置时间是2小时,一般设置为30分钟足够了。
在httpclient中,创建连接并获得请求结果后,会对改连接设置长连接策略,如在MinimalClientExec.java类中,
httpProcessor.process(request, context);
final HttpResponse response = requestExecutor.execute(request, managedConn, context);
httpProcessor.process(response, context);
// The connection is in or can be brought to a re-usable state.
if (reuseStrategy.keepAlive(response, context)) {
// Set the idle duration of this connection
final long duration = keepAliveStrategy.getKeepAliveDuration(response, context);
releaseTrigger.setValidFor(duration, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
releaseTrigger.markReusable();
} else {
releaseTrigger.markNonReusable();
}
在看看默认的长连接设置策略
public class DefaultConnectionKeepAliveStrategy implements ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy {
public static final DefaultConnectionKeepAliveStrategy INSTANCE = new DefaultConnectionKeepAliveStrategy();
public long getKeepAliveDuration(final HttpResponse response, final HttpContext context) {
Args.notNull(response, "HTTP response");
final HeaderElementIterator it = new BasicHeaderElementIterator(
response.headerIterator(HTTP.CONN_KEEP_ALIVE));
while (it.hasNext()) {
final HeaderElement he = it.nextElement();
final String param = he.getName();
final String value = he.getValue();
if (value != null && param.equalsIgnoreCase("timeout")) {
try {
return Long.parseLong(value) * 1000;
} catch(final NumberFormatException ignore) {
}
}
}
return -1;
}
}
当然也可以自己来时间长连接策略,比如下面的这个
ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy myStrategy = new ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy() {
public long getKeepAliveDuration(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context) {
// Honor 'keep-alive' header
HeaderElementIterator it = new BasicHeaderElementIterator(
response.headerIterator(HTTP.CONN_KEEP_ALIVE));
while (it.hasNext()) {
HeaderElement he = it.nextElement();
String param = he.getName();
String value = he.getValue();
if (value != null && param.equalsIgnoreCase("timeout")) {
try {
return Long.parseLong(value) * 1000;
} catch(NumberFormatException ignore) {
}
}
}
HttpHost target = (HttpHost) context.getAttribute(
HttpClientContext.HTTP_TARGET_HOST);
if ("www.baidu.com".equalsIgnoreCase(target.getHostName())) {
// Keep alive for 5 seconds only
return 5 * 1000;
} else {
// otherwise keep alive for 30 seconds
return 30 * 1000;
}
}
};
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom()
.setKeepAliveStrategy(myStrategy)
.build();