android学习笔记10--------------SharedPreferences实现软件参数的保存和获取

很多时候我们开发软件需要向用户提供软件参数设置功能,如电子书软件的背景颜色设置,喜好设置等。在Android的应用的使用SharedPreferences类来

保存软件设置参数非常方便。

使用SharedPreferences类保存数据,其实是将这些参数保存在xml文件中,文件存放在/data/data/包名/shared_prefs目录下:


点击保存后,


将test.xml导出,打开


即为我们保存的数据。

点击读取按钮:


读取正确。

代码:

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class SharedPreferencesActivity extends Activity
{
	private EditText nameEditText;
	private EditText ageEditText;
	private Button   save;
	private Button   read;
	private Button   exit;
	private TextView resulTextView;
	
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);
		
		nameEditText=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.name);
		ageEditText=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.age);
		save=(Button)findViewById(R.id.save);
		read=(Button)findViewById(R.id.read);
		exit=(Button)findViewById(R.id.exit);
		resulTextView=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.result);
		
		save.setOnClickListener(listener);
		read.setOnClickListener(listener);
		exit.setOnClickListener(listener);
		
	}
	
	private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
	{		
		@Override
		public void onClick(View v)
		{
			Button button=(Button)v;
			SharedPreferences sharedPreferences=SharedPreferencesActivity.
			this.getSharedPreferences("test", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
			switch (button.getId())
			{
				case R.id.save:
					String name=nameEditText.getText().toString();
					String age=ageEditText.getText().toString();										
					Editor editor=sharedPreferences.edit();
					editor.putString("name", name);
					editor.putInt("age", Integer.parseInt(age));
					editor.commit(); //内容提交
					Toast.makeText(SharedPreferencesActivity.this, "保存成功", 
							Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
					break;
					
				case R.id.read:
					String namevalue= sharedPreferences.getString("name", "");//如果存在name返回name的值,如果不存在该元素,返回“”
					int agevalue= sharedPreferences.getInt("age", -1);
					resulTextView.setText("姓名是:"+namevalue+"\n"+"年龄是:"+agevalue);
					Toast.makeText(SharedPreferencesActivity.this, "读取成功", 
							Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
					break;
					
				case R.id.exit:
					android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
					break;
	
				default:
					break;
			}
			
		}
	};
}


布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
    <LinearLayout 
    			android:layout_width="match_parent" 
    			android:id="@+id/linearLayout1" 
    			android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <TextView 
        		android:text="姓名:" 
        		android:textSize="20sp"
        		android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
        		android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TextView>
        		
        <EditText 
        		android:id="@+id/name" 
        		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        		android:layout_height="wrap_content"></EditText>
        		
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout 
    			android:layout_width="match_parent" 
    			android:id="@+id/linearLayout2" 
    			android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    			
        <TextView 
        		android:text="年龄:" 
        		android:textSize="20sp"
        		android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
        		android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TextView>
        		
        <EditText 
        		android:id="@+id/age" 
        		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        		android:layout_height="wrap_content"></EditText>
        		
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout 
    			android:layout_width="match_parent" 
    			android:id="@+id/linearLayout3" 
    			android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    			
        <Button 
        		android:text="保存数据" 
        		android:id="@+id/save" 
        		android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
        		android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>
        		
        <Button 
        		android:text="读取数据" 
        		android:id="@+id/read" 
        		android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
        		android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>
        		
        <Button 
        		android:text="退出" 
        		android:id="@+id/exit" 
        		android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
        		android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button>
        		
    </LinearLayout>
    <TextView 
    			android:text="显示读取值" 
    			android:id="@+id/result" 
    			android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
    			android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TextView>

</LinearLayout>


每次启动程序时,自动读取参数,只要做简单改动:

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class SharedPreferencesActivity extends Activity
{
	private EditText nameEditText;
	private EditText ageEditText;
	private Button   save;
	private Button   read;
	private Button   exit;
	private TextView resulTextView;
	
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);
		
		nameEditText=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.name);
		ageEditText=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.age);
		save=(Button)findViewById(R.id.save);
		read=(Button)findViewById(R.id.read);
		exit=(Button)findViewById(R.id.exit);
		resulTextView=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.result);
		
		save.setOnClickListener(listener);
		read.setOnClickListener(listener);
		exit.setOnClickListener(listener);
		
		SharedPreferences sharedPreferences=SharedPreferencesActivity.
		this.getSharedPreferences("test", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
		String namevalue= sharedPreferences.getString("name", "");
		int agevalue= sharedPreferences.getInt("age", -1);
		nameEditText.setText(namevalue);
		ageEditText.setText(String.valueOf(agevalue));		
	}
	
	private OnClickListener listener=new OnClickListener()
	{		
		@Override
		public void onClick(View v)
		{
			Button button=(Button)v;
			SharedPreferences sharedPreferences=SharedPreferencesActivity.
			this.getSharedPreferences("test", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
			switch (button.getId())
			{
				case R.id.save:
					String name=nameEditText.getText().toString();
					String age=ageEditText.getText().toString();										
					Editor editor=sharedPreferences.edit();
					editor.putString("name", name);
					editor.putInt("age", Integer.parseInt(age));
					editor.commit(); //内容提交
					Toast.makeText(SharedPreferencesActivity.this, "保存成功", 
							Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
					break;
					
				case R.id.read:
					String namevalue= sharedPreferences.getString("name", "");
					int agevalue= sharedPreferences.getInt("age", -1);
					resulTextView.setText("姓名是:"+namevalue+"\n"+"年龄是:"+agevalue);
					Toast.makeText(SharedPreferencesActivity.this, "读取成功", 
							Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
					break;
					
				case R.id.exit:
					android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
					break;
	
				default:
					break;
			}
			
		}
	};
}





若想保存的xml文件被其他文件访问,应修改:

SharedPreferences sharedPreferences=SharedPreferencesActivity.
this.getSharedPreferences("test", Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE+Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE);



可以看到其读写权限发生变化

测试的其他Activity

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

public class LogActivity extends Activity
{
	private static final String TAG="LogActivity";

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);
		//Log.i(TAG, "TAG打印测试");
		
		try
		{
			Context context=this.createPackageContext("com.luku.SharedPreferences",
					Context.CONTEXT_IGNORE_SECURITY);
			SharedPreferences sharedPreferences=context.getSharedPreferences
					("test", Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE+Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE);
			String namevalue= sharedPreferences.getString("name", "");
			int agevalue= sharedPreferences.getInt("age", -1);
			Log.i(TAG, "名字是:"+namevalue+","+"年龄为:"+agevalue);
		} catch (NameNotFoundException e)
		{
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		
	}
}



由其他程序访问成功!


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