python入门4-面向对象

python入门1-环境准备

python入门2-变量、语句、运算符、列表、元组、字典

python入门3-函数

python入门4-面向对象

python入门5-numpy

python入门6-pandas

构造方法

# coding=utf-8
class Person:
    i = 10
    def eat(self):
        print "hello world"
zhangsan = Person()
zhangsan.eat()
# hello world

class P:
    # def __init__(self):
    #     print "构造方法，创建对象"
    def __init__(self,x):
        print "构造方法，创建对象，x="+x
    def eat(self, x , y):
        print x+y
P('a').eat(1,2)
# 构造方法，创建对象，x=a
# 3

类方法、私有方法

# coding=utf-8
class Person:
    # 类方法
    def eat(self):
        print "吃饭"
        self.__sleep()
    # 私有方法(双下划线开始，只能内部调用)
    def __sleep(self):
        print "睡觉"

zs = Person()
zs.eat()
# zs.__sleep()   调用不到

类属性、私有属性

class Person:
    # 类属性
    i = 10
    # 私有属性(双下划线开始，只能内部使用)
    __j = 20

内置属性
__name__ 类的名字

__doc__ 类的文档字符串

__bases__ 类的所有父类组成的元组

__dict__ 类的属性组成的字典

__module__ 类所属的模块

__class__ 类对象的类型

多继承

class Run3000:
    def run(self):
        print "run3000"
class Jump3:
    def jump(self):
        print "jump3"
#多继承
class Sport(Run3000 , Jump3):
    pass
sport = Sport()
sport.run() #run3000
sport.jump() #jump3

class Father:
    def __init__(self):
        print "father init"
    def teach(self):
        print "father teach"
class Son(Father):
    def teach(self):
        print "son teach"
zs = Son()  # father init
zs.teach()  # son teach

如果父类构造带参，则子类可以通过super调用父类方法，也可以不掉用只重写，或者Son("hello")

#新式类 newstyle python3.5不需要写object
class Father(object):
    def __init__(self,i):
        print "father init "+i
    def teach(self):
        print "father teach"
class Son(Father):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Son,self).__init__("hello")
    def teach(self):
        print "son teach"
zs = Son()  # father init
zs.teach()  # son teachsuper(Son,self).__init__("hello")
    def teach(self):
        print "son teach"
zs = Son()  # father init
zs.teach()  # son teach

封装

……

多态

……

面向对象编程

test1.py

class User:
    def drive(self,Car):
        Car.run()
class Car:
    def run(self):
        print "car run"

test2.py  import导入的是模块，调用的时候需要“模块点”

import test1 as t
bmw = t.Car()
zs = t.User()
zs.drive(bmw)

test3.py from导入的是具体类和方法，调用的时候直接调用

from test1 import User as u
from test1 import Car
bmw = Car()
zs = u()
zs.drive(bmw)

异常处理

def test(x,y):
    print x/y
try:
    test(1,0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print "run error: zero division"
except :
    print "run error"
else:
    print "run success"
finally:
    print "finally"

自定义异常

 

class NameNotFound(Exception):
    def __init__(self):
        print "not found name"

def test(x):
    if x == 0 :
        raise NameNotFound

文件和流

# coding=utf-8
f = open("text.txt","r+")
print f.read()
f.close()

f = open("text-w.txt","w")
f.write("hello")
f.close()

import os
# os.remove("text-w.txt") # 删除文件
# os.mkdir("bf") # 创建文件夹
# os.rmdir("bf") # 删除文件夹
print os.getcwd() # 获取当前路径