ffmpeg——AVOptions/AVClass 接口

一：介绍

AVOptions是ffmpeg中实现的一种赋值机制，目的是可以方便地给结构体中的成员赋值。其实现类似于一种接口(虽然c语言没有接口概念但我们姑且这么叫)。为了实现这个接口，则结构体必须定义一个AVClass的结构为它的第一个变量，AVClass wrap了相应的Options数组。这只是一种实现机制罢了，类似于java的 implements ，c++的继承基类。

AVOptions 接口的详细介绍可参考：http://ffmpeg.org/doxygen/3.1/group__avoptions.html官方文档。

和 http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/44268323 雷神的博客(在此缅怀下雷神)。

另外，为了方便操作Options ，可以将要设置的参数放入 AVDictionary 集合中，之后一并设置。

二：实例分析

以 AVFormatContext 结构体为例：

typedef struct AVFormatContext {
    /**
     * A class for logging and @ref avoptions. Set by avformat_alloc_context().
     * Exports (de)muxer private options if they exist.
     */
    const AVClass *av_class;

    /**
     * The input container format.
     *
     * Demuxing only, set by avformat_open_input().
     */
    struct AVInputFormat *iformat;

    /**
     * The output container format.
     *
     * Muxing only, must be set by the caller before avformat_write_header().
     */
    struct AVOutputFormat *oformat;

    /**
     * Format private data. This is an AVOptions-enabled struct
     * if and only if iformat/oformat.priv_class is not NULL.
     *
     * - muxing: set by avformat_write_header()
     * - demuxing: set by avformat_open_input()
     */
    void *priv_data;

    /**
     * I/O context.
     *
     * - demuxing: either set by the user before avformat_open_input() (then
     *             the user must close it manually) or set by avformat_open_input().
     * - muxing: set by the user before avformat_write_header(). The caller must
     *           take care of closing / freeing the IO context.
     *
     * Do NOT set this field if AVFMT_NOFILE flag is set in
     * iformat/oformat.flags. In such a case, the (de)muxer will handle
     * I/O in some other way and this field will be NULL.
     */
    AVIOContext *pb;

    /* stream info */
    /**
     * Flags signalling stream properties. A combination of AVFMTCTX_*.
     * Set by libavformat.
     */
    int ctx_flags;

    /**
     * Number of elements in AVFormatContext.streams.
     *
     * Set by avformat_new_stream(), must not be modified by any other code.
     */
    unsigned int nb_streams;
    /**
     * A list of all streams in the file. New streams are created with
     * avformat_new_stream().
     *
     * - demuxing: streams are created by libavformat in avformat_open_input().
     *             If AVFMTCTX_NOHEADER is set in ctx_flags, then new streams may also
     *             appear in av_read_frame().
     * - muxing: streams are created by the user before avformat_write_header().
     *
     * Freed by libavformat in avformat_free_context().
     */
    AVStream **streams;

    /**
     * input or output filename
     *
     * - demuxing: set by avformat_open_input()
     * - muxing: may be set by the caller before avformat_write_header()
     */
    char filename[1024];

    /**
     * Position of the first frame of the component, in
     * AV_TIME_BASE fractional seconds. NEVER set this value directly:
     * It is deduced from the AVStream values.
     *
     * Demuxing only, set by libavformat.
     */
    int64_t start_time;

    ... ...
}

AVFormatContext  结构体的第一个成员为：const AVClass *av_class ，是为了实现AVClass接口。这个AVClass在 libavformat/options.c中定义：

static const AVClass av_format_context_class = {
    .class_name     = "AVFormatContext",
    .item_name      = format_to_name,
    .option         = avformat_options,
    .version        = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
    .child_next     = format_child_next,
    .child_class_next = format_child_class_next,
    .category       = AV_CLASS_CATEGORY_MUXER,
    .get_category   = get_category,
};

可见其包含了Options数组：avformat_options 。这个数组在 libavformat/options_table.h 中定义，options数组指定了 AVFormatContext 结构中变量的信息，偏移量等，可以说是一一对应的关系，这样就可以根据Options来设置 AVFormatContext 结构体中的变量。

当 AVFormatContext  实现了AVClass接口之后，就可以使用Options的API来对 AVFormatContext  结构体中变量进行操作了，具体的有 查询，修改等。可参见上述链接。总而言之，AVClass接口实现了用接口设置方式取代 “=” 赋值的方式。