Java NIO——与传统IO文件复制的效率比较（channel.transferTo、Files.copy 、channel.write）

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 17:35:36 发布

yjh314

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 17:35:36 发布

阅读量1.4k

点赞数

分类专栏： kafka

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yjh314/article/details/78913212

版权

kafka 专栏收录该内容

62 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

O与NIO操作效率对比（网上的说法千篇一律，99%都是错的，没经过自己的验证，正确的解释如下）

复制文件的情况：
注意：Files.copy和传统IO代码基本一样，只是它开辟的缓冲区大小较大，为8192（基本是缓冲区开的越大越快，但是也吃内存）
- 当缓冲区（<1024）和数据量比较小（<10KB）时，传统IO 最为高效
  效率上：传统IO > channel.transferTo > Files.copy > NIO::channel.write
- 其他情况：
  效率上：channel.transferTo > Files.copy > 传统IO > NIO::channel.write
多线程共用同一个流追加数据的情况：“NIO”比“IO”效率高
多线程使用不同的流追加数据的情况：“NIO+锁”比“IO+锁”效率高
注意：这种情况必须枷锁，否则会引起数据混乱

package com.demo.test;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.FileLock;
import java.nio.channels.OverlappingFileLockException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class FileChannelDemo {

    private static void createFile(String path, long numKB) {
        FileWriter fw = null;
        BufferedWriter bw = null;
        try {
            fw = new FileWriter(path);
            bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
            for (long i = 0; i < numKB * 16 * 4; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
                    String hex = Integer.toHexString(j);
                    bw.write(hex);
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bw != null) {
                try {
                    bw.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fw != null) {
                try {
                    fw.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static void copyByIO(String srcPath, String dstPath) {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream(srcPath);
            fos = new FileOutputStream(dstPath);
            int len;
            while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }

    private static void copyByNIO(String srcPath, String dstPath) {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        FileChannel fisChannel = null;
        FileChannel fosChannel = null;
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bufferSize);
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream(srcPath);
            fos = new FileOutputStream(dstPath);
            fisChannel = fis.getChannel();
            fosChannel = fos.getChannel();
            while (fisChannel.read(buffer) != -1) {
                buffer.flip();
                fosChannel.write(buffer);
                buffer.clear();
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fisChannel != null) {
                try {
                    fisChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fosChannel != null) {
                try {
                    fosChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static void copyByNIOTransfer(String srcPath, String dstPath) {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        FileChannel fisChannel = null;
        FileChannel fosChannel = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream(srcPath);
            fos = new FileOutputStream(dstPath);
            fisChannel = fis.getChannel();
            fosChannel = fos.getChannel();
            long len = fisChannel.transferTo(0, fisChannel.size(), fosChannel);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fisChannel != null) {
                try {
                    fisChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fosChannel != null) {
                try {
                    fosChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static void copyByFiles(String srcPath, String dstPath) {
        Path path = Paths.get(srcPath);
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream(dstPath);
            /*
             * private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
             * private static long copy(InputStream source, OutputStream sink) throws IOException
             * {
             * long nread = 0L;
             * byte[] buf = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
             * int n;
             * while ((n = source.read(buf)) > 0) {
             * sink.write(buf, 0, n);
             * nread += n;
             * }
             * return nread;
             * }
             */
            long len = Files.copy(path, fos);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static void multiThreadWriteIO(String path) {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        int num = 1000;
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(num);
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream(path);
            final FileOutputStream thisFos = fos;
            Thread[] threads = new Thread[num];
            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                final int index = i;
                threads[i] = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        byte[] buffer = (index + ". " + (new Date()).toString() + " hello world!xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx welcome to Newland\r\n").getBytes();
                        try {
                            thisFos.write(buffer);
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        countDownLatch.countDown();
                    }
                });
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                threads[i].start();
            }
            countDownLatch.await();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static void multiThreadWriteNIO(String path) {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        FileChannel fosChannel = null;
        int num = 1000;
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(num);
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream(path);
            fosChannel = fos.getChannel();
            final FileChannel thisFosChannel = fosChannel;
            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                final int index = i;
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap((index + ". " + (new Date()).toString() + " hello world!xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx welcome to Newland\r\n").getBytes());
                        try {
                            thisFosChannel.write(buffer);
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        countDownLatch.countDown();
                    }
                }).start();
            }
            countDownLatch.await();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fosChannel != null) {
                try {
                    fosChannel.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static void multiThreadOpenWriteIO(final String path) {
        int num = 1000;
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(num);
        final Object obj = new Object();
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            final int index = i;
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    RandomAccessFile raf = null;
                    synchronized (obj) {
                        try {
                            raf = new RandomAccessFile(path, "rw");
                            raf.seek(raf.length());
                            byte[] buffer = (index + ". " + (new Date()).toString() + " hello world!xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx welcome to Newland\r\n").getBytes();
                            raf.write(buffer);
                        } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
                            e1.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        } finally {
                            if (raf != null) {
                                try {
                                    raf.close();
                                } catch (IOException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            countDownLatch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void multiThreadOpenWriteNIO(final String path, long sleepTimeMillis) {
        int num = 1000;
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(num);
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            final int index = i;
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    RandomAccessFile raf = null;
                    FileChannel rafChannel = null;
                    FileLock fl = null;
                    try {
                        raf = new RandomAccessFile(path, "rw");
                        rafChannel = raf.getChannel();
                        while (true) {
                            try {
                                fl = rafChannel.tryLock();
                                if (fl != null) {
                                    break;
                                }
                            } catch (OverlappingFileLockException e) {
                                try {
                                    Thread.sleep(sleepTimeMillis);
                                } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
                                    e1.printStackTrace();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        rafChannel.position(rafChannel.size());
                        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap((index + ". " + (new Date()).toString() + " hello world!xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx welcome to Newland\r\n").getBytes());
                        rafChannel.write(buffer);
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } finally {
                        if (fl != null) {
                            try {
                                fl.release();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                        if (rafChannel != null) {
                            try {
                                rafChannel.close();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                        if (raf != null) {
                            try {
                                raf.close();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            countDownLatch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static final int[] NUM_KB_ARR = { 1, 10, 100, 1024, 10 * 1024, 100 * 1024 };
    private static final int[] BUFF_SIZE_ARR = { 256, 1024, 8192 };
    private static int bufferSize = 8192;
    private static long beginTime;

    private static void calcCostTime(String msg) {
        if (msg == null) {
            beginTime = System.nanoTime();
        } else {
            System.out.println(msg + "\tcost\t" + String.format("%011d", System.nanoTime() - beginTime) + "us");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String testPath = "test.txt";
        String ioOutputPath = "io.txt";
        String nioOutputPath = "nio.txt";
        String nioTransferOutputPath = "nioTransfer.txt";
        String nioFilesPath = "nioFiles.txt";
        String ioMultiThreadWritePath = "multiThreadIoWritePath.txt";
        String nioMultiThreadNioWritePath = "multiThreadNioWritePath.txt";
        String iomultiThreadIoOpenWritePath = "multiThreadIoOpenWritePath.txt";
        String nioMultiThreadNioOpenWritePath = "multiThreadNioOpenWritePath.txt";

        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
        int availableProcessors = runtime.availableProcessors();
        System.out.println("availableProcessors = " + availableProcessors);
        System.out.println("vm's freeMemory = " + runtime.freeMemory() + ", vm's totalMemory = " + runtime.totalMemory());
        System.out.println();

        for (int i = 0; i < BUFF_SIZE_ARR.length; i++) {
            bufferSize = BUFF_SIZE_ARR[i];
            System.out.println("BUFF_SIZE = " + bufferSize);
            // 复制文件的情况
            for (int j = 0; j < NUM_KB_ARR.length; j++) {
                System.out.println(j + ". FILE_SIZE = " + NUM_KB_ARR[j] + " KB");
                String numKBStr = String.format("%09d", NUM_KB_ARR[j]);
                calcCostTime(null);
                createFile(testPath, NUM_KB_ARR[j]);
                calcCostTime("createFile\t\t" + numKBStr);
                calcCostTime(null);
                copyByIO(testPath, bufferSize+"_"+ioOutputPath);
                calcCostTime("copyByIO\t\t" + numKBStr);
                calcCostTime(null);
                copyByNIO(testPath, bufferSize+"_"+nioOutputPath);
                calcCostTime("copyByNIO\t\t" + numKBStr);
                calcCostTime(null);
                copyByNIOTransfer(testPath, bufferSize+"_"+nioTransferOutputPath);
                calcCostTime("copyByNIOTransfer\t" + numKBStr);
                calcCostTime(null);
                copyByFiles(testPath, bufferSize+"_"+nioFilesPath);
                calcCostTime("copyByFiles\t\t" + numKBStr);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }

        // 多线程共用同一个流追加数据的情况
        calcCostTime(null);
        multiThreadWriteIO(ioMultiThreadWritePath);
        calcCostTime("multiThreadWriteIO\t\t");
        calcCostTime(null);
        multiThreadWriteNIO(nioMultiThreadNioWritePath);
        calcCostTime("multiThreadWriteNIO\t\t");

        // 多线程使用不同的流追加数据的情况
        calcCostTime(null);
        multiThreadOpenWriteIO(iomultiThreadIoOpenWritePath);
        calcCostTime("multiThreadOpenWriteIO\t\t");
        calcCostTime(null);
        multiThreadOpenWriteNIO(nioMultiThreadNioOpenWritePath, 15);
        calcCostTime("multiThreadOpenWriteNIO\t\t");
        System.out.println();

        File file = new File(".");
        for (String path : file.list()) { 
            if (path.endsWith(".txt")) {
                try {
                    System.out.println("prepare delete "+path);
                    Files.delete(Paths.get(path));
                    System.out.println("delete succ");
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    System.out.println("delete fail");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

这里写图片描述

注意到：在“多线程使用不同的流追加数据”的情况下，“NIO+锁”每次循环都需要休眠一定时间再判断是否可以成功获得锁。因此继续修改代码来测试这个最优时间。

结论：可以看出，在休眠时间为15ms的时候所消耗的时间最少，效率最高。
（这里需要根据具体问题具体分析，和很多环境因素都有关，没有定论）

//（变量、函数定义，略……）
public satic void main(String[] args) {
    for(int i=0;i<SLEEP_TIME_MILLIS_ARR.length; i++) {
            calcCostTime(null);
            multiThreadOpenWriteNIO(SLEEP_TIME_MILLIS_ARR[i] + "_" + nioMultiThreadNioOpenWritePath, SLEEP_TIME_MILLIS_ARR[i]);
            calcCostTime("multiThreadOpenWriteNIO\t" + SLEEP_TIME_MILLIS_ARR[i] + "\t");
            System.out.println();
        }
//(删除文件部分，略……)
}
 
 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

这里写图片描述

通过轮询，然后不断尝试无形中浪费了很多时间。后面我想：是否可以走“事件-通知”的模式，即“wait-notify”，来提高执行效率呢？

很不幸，结论是否定的。因为多线程只能通过“wait-notify”来暂停和唤醒，而“wait-notify”又必须引入同步锁，同步锁增加了程序的开销。

记得《Java并发编程》中大意是这么说的：“同步代码块会强制跨越内存栅栏（强制将寄存器中的数据更新到主存中）……引入锁会带来跟多的开销，并且容易引起不必要的错误，因此能不用锁尽量不用锁”。

//（变量、函数定义，略……）
private static void multiThreadOpenWriteNIOEx(final String path) {
        int num = 1000;
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(num);
        final Object object = new Object();
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            final int index = i;
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    RandomAccessFile raf = null;
                    FileChannel rafChannel = null;
                    FileLock fl = null;
                    try {
                        raf = new RandomAccessFile(path, "rw");
                        rafChannel = raf.getChannel();
                        if( index != 0) {
                            synchronized (object) {
                                try {
                                    object.wait();
                                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                    e.printStackTrace();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        while(true) {
                            try {
                                fl = rafChannel.tryLock();
                                if(fl != null) {
                                    break;
                                }
                            } catch (OverlappingFileLockException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                        rafChannel.position(rafChannel.size());
                        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap((index + ". " + (new Date()).toString() + " hello world!xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx welcome to Newland\r\n").getBytes());
                        rafChannel.write(buffer);
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } finally {
                        if (fl != null) {
                            try {
                                fl.release();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                        if (rafChannel != null) {
                            try {
                                rafChannel.close();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                        synchronized (object) {
                            object.notify();
                        }
                        if (raf != null) {
                            try {
                                raf.close();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            countDownLatch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
public static void main(String[] args) {
//(执行其它函数代码，略……)
    calcCostTime(null);
    multiThreadOpenWriteNIOEx(nioMultiThreadNioOpenWriteExPath);
    calcCostTime("multiThreadOpenWriteNIOEx\t");
    System.out.println();
//(删除文件部分，略……)
}
 
 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88