ssh 连接很慢的解决办法

在局域网内，能ping通目标机器，并且时延是微秒级。

用ssh连局域网内其他linux机器，会等待10-30秒才有提示输入密码。严重影响工作效率。

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客户端操作系统版本：

zhouhh@zhhofs:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=karmic
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.10"

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调试信息：

1. zhouhh@zhhofs:~$ ssh -v  192.168 . 12.16   
2. OpenSSH_5.1 p 1  Debian -6 ubuntu 2 , OpenSSL  0.9 . 8 g  19  Oct  2007   
3. debug1:  Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config  
4. debug1:  Applying options for *  
5. debug1:  Connecting to  192.168 . 12.16  [ 192.168 . 12.16 ] port  22 .  
6. debug1:  Connection established.  
7. debug1:  identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity type  -1   
8. debug1:  identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa type  -1   
9. debug1:  identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa type  -1   
10. debug1:  Remote protocol version  2.0 , remote software version OpenSSH_ 4.3   
11. debug1:  match: OpenSSH_ 4.3  pat OpenSSH_ 4 *  
12. debug1:  Enabling compatibility mode for protocol  2.0   
13. debug1:  Local version string SSH -2.0 -OpenSSH_ 5.1 p 1  Debian -6 ubuntu 2   
14. debug1:  SSH 2 _MSG_KEXINIT sent  
15. debug1:  SSH 2 _MSG_KEXINIT received  
16. debug1:  kex: server->client aes 128 -cbc hmac-md 5   none   
17. debug1:  kex: client->server aes 128 -cbc hmac-md 5   none   
18. debug1:  SSH 2 _MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST( 1024 < 1024 < 8192 ) sent  
19. debug1:  expecting SSH 2 _MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP  
20. debug1:  SSH 2 _MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent  
21. debug1:  expecting SSH 2 _MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY  
22. debug1:  Host  '192.168.12.16'  is known and matches the RSA host key.  
23. debug1:  Found key in /home/zhouhh/.ssh/known_hosts: 1   
24. debug1:  ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct  
25. debug1:  SSH 2 _MSG_NEWKEYS sent  
26. debug1:  expecting SSH 2 _MSG_NEWKEYS  
27. debug1:  SSH 2 _MSG_NEWKEYS received  
28. debug1:  SSH 2 _MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent  
29. debug1:  SSH 2 _MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received  
30. debug1:  Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password  
31. debug1:  Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic  
32. debug1:  An invalid name was supplied  
33. Cannot determine realm for numeric host address  
34. debug1:  An invalid name was supplied  
35. Cannot determine realm for numeric host address  
36. debug1:  An invalid name was supplied  
37. debug1:  Next authentication method: publickey  
38. debug1:  Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity  
39. debug1:  Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa  
40. debug1:  Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa  
41. debug1:  Next authentication method: password  
42. zhouhh@192.168 . 12.16 's password:   
43. debug1:  Authentication succeeded (password).  
44. debug1:  channel  0:  new [client-session]  
45. debug1:  Entering interactive session.  
46. debug1:  Sending environment.  
47. debug1:  Sending env LANG = zh_CN.UTF -8   
48. Last login: Fri Dec 25 13: 35:04   2009  from  192.168 . 11.146   

zhouhh@zhhofs:~$ ssh -v 192.168.12.16 OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.12.16 [192.168.12.16] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_4.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_4.3 pat OpenSSH_4* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '192.168.12.16' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/zhouhh/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug1: An invalid name was supplied Cannot determine realm for numeric host address debug1: An invalid name was supplied Cannot determine realm for numeric host address debug1: An invalid name was supplied debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password zhouhh@192.168.12.16's password: debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Sending environment. debug1: Sending env LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8 Last login: Fri Dec 25 13:35:04 2009 from 192.168.11.146

可以看到如下的错误信息：

debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: An invalid name was supplied
Cannot determine realm for numeric host address

事实上，正是从gssapi-with-mic这一行开始，开始耗时间。

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失败的尝试：

有人说是在目标机器中修改/etc/ssh/sshd_conf文件

将UseDNS 的缺省值由yes修改为no，并重启sshd。我试了，对这种情况不管用。但不排除对别的延迟情况管用。

====================

有效的解决办法：

1. 修改本地机器的hosts文件，将目标机器的IP和域名加上去。或者让本机的DNS 服务器能解析目标地址。

vi /etc/hosts

192.168.12.16  ourdev

其格式是“目标机器IP 目标机器名称”这种方法促效。没有延迟就连上了。不过如果给每台都加一个域名解析，挺辛苦的。但在windows下用putty或secure-crt时可以采用这种方法。

2.修改本机的客户端配置文件ssh_conf，注意，不是sshd_conf

vi /etc/ssh/ssh_conf

找到

GSSAPIAuthentication yes

改为

GSSAPIAuthentication no

保存。

再连目标机器，速度就飞快了。

GSSAPI ( Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface) 是一套类似Kerberos 5 的通用网络安全系统接口。该接口是对各种不同的客户端服务器安全机制的封装，以消除安全接口的不同，降低编程难度。但该接口在目标机器无域名解析时会有问题。我看到有人给ubuntu提交了相关bug， 说要将GSSAPIAuthentication的缺省值设为no，不知为何，ubuntu9.10的缺省值还是yes。

修改完毕，此时的连接调试数据变为了：

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1. zhouhh@zhhofs:~$ ssh -v 192.168.12.16  
2. OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007  
3. debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config  
4. debug1: Applying options for  *  
5. debug1: Connecting to 192.168.12.16 [192.168.12.16] port 22.  
6. debug1: Connection established.  
7. debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity type -1  
8. debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa type -1  
9. debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa type -1  
10. debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_4.3  
11. debug1: match: OpenSSH_4.3 pat OpenSSH_4*  
12. debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for  protocol 2.0  
13. debug1: Local version string  SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2  
14. debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent  
15. debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received  
16. debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none  
17. debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none  
18. debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent  
19. debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP  
20. debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent  
21. debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY  
22. debug1: Host '192.168.12.16'   is  known and matches the RSA host key.  
23. debug1: Found key in  /home/zhouhh/.ssh/known_hosts:1  
24. debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct  
25. debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent  
26. debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS  
27. debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received  
28. debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent  
29. debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received  
30. debug1: Authentications that can continue : publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password  
31. debug1: Next authentication method: publickey  
32. debug1: Trying private  key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity  
33. debug1: Trying private  key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa  
34. debug1: Trying private  key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa  
35. debug1: Next authentication method: password  
36. zhouhh@192.168.12.16's password:  
    

http://blog.csdn.net/ablo_zhou/archive/2009/12/25/5074887.aspx