Java: NV21转BMP文件

NV21是Android camera的默认图像格式。这里分享下如何在Windows上用Java把NV21的数据转换成BMP文件。

什么是NV21格式

NV21是一种YUV (又称YCbCr) 图像格式. Y 表示亮度值(Luminance)， V 和 U 分别代表蓝色(Cb)和红色(Cr)色度(Chrominance)。 一个2×2的像素, 4个Y对应1个V和1个U。比如这样排布:

YYYYYYYY VUVU

NV21转RGB

先从byte数组中分离出Y,V,U的值（先V，后U）：

int total = width * height;
        int[] rgb = new int[total];
        int Y, Cb = 0, Cr = 0, index = 0;
        int R, G, B;
 
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
            for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
                Y = yuv[y * width + x];
                if (Y < 0) Y += 255;
                 
                if ((x & 1) == 0) {
                    Cr = yuv[(y >> 1) * (width) + x + total];
                    Cb = yuv[(y >> 1) * (width) + x + total + 1];
                     
                    if (Cb < 0) Cb += 127; else Cb -= 128;
                    if (Cr < 0) Cr += 127; else Cr -= 128;
                }
 
            }
        }

通过公式转换：

R = Y + Cr + (Cr >> 2) + (Cr >> 3) + (Cr >> 5);
G = Y - (Cb >> 2) + (Cb >> 4) + (Cb >> 5) - (Cr >> 1) + (Cr >> 3) + (Cr >> 4) + (Cr >> 5);
B = Y + Cb + (Cb >> 1) + (Cb >> 2) + (Cb >> 6);
                 
// Approximation
// R = (int) (Y + 1.40200 * Cr);
// G = (int) (Y - 0.34414 * Cb - 0.71414 * Cr);
// B = (int) (Y + 1.77200 * Cb);
 if (R < 0) R = 0; else if (R > 255) R = 255;
 if (G < 0) G = 0; else if (G > 255) G = 255;
 if (B < 0) B = 0; else if (B > 255) B = 255;
  
 rgb[index++] = 0xff000000 + (R << 16) + (G << 8) + B;

什么是BMP

BMP文件主要由3个部分组成：BMP头信息，DIB头信息，以及数据。参考一下维基上的例子：

Byte数组写入BMP文件

JDK的接口和Android SDK的接口是不同的。在Windows上可以用BufferedImage和ImageIO来保存数据。

BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
        bufferedImage.setRGB(0, 0, width, height, data, 0, width);
        try {
            ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "JPG", new File(fileName));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

我们也可以根据BMP文件的结构自己创建一个类。可以参考下DIB结构的定义:

public class BMP {
 
    // BMP Header
    private byte[] id = { 0x42, 0x4D };
    private int fileSize = 0;
    private short spec1 = 0, spec2 = 0;
    private int offset = 54;
 
    // DIB Header
    private int biSize = 40;
    private int biWidth, biHeight;
    private short biPlanes = 0, biBitCount = 32;
    private int biCompression, biSizeImage, biXPelsPerMeter, biYPelsPerMeter, biClrUsed, biClrImportant;
 
    // bitmap data
    private int[] data;
 
    public BMP(int width, int height, short pixelBits, int[] pixels) {
        biWidth = width;
        biHeight = height;
        biBitCount = pixelBits;
        data = pixels;
        fileSize = width * height * pixelBits / 8 + offset;
    }
 
    public int getFileSize() {
        return fileSize;
    }
}

Java把整形值写入到文件中默认使用big-endian。如果用DataOutputStream来直接写文件，会出现问题。

DataOutputStream output;
        try {
            output = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("big-endian.bmp")));
            output.write(getHeader());
            for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                output.writeInt(data[i]);
            }
            output.flush();
            output.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

所以需要用ByteBuffer转换成little-endian再保存数据：

private byte[] getFile() {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(fileSize);
        buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
 
        buffer.put(id);
        buffer.putInt(fileSize);
        buffer.putShort(spec1);
        buffer.putShort(spec2);
        buffer.putInt(offset);
 
        buffer.putInt(biSize);
        buffer.putInt(biWidth);
        buffer.putInt(biHeight);
        buffer.putShort(biPlanes);
        buffer.putShort(biBitCount);
        buffer.putInt(biCompression);
        buffer.putInt(biSizeImage);
        buffer.putInt(biXPelsPerMeter);
        buffer.putInt(biYPelsPerMeter);
        buffer.putInt(biClrUsed);
        buffer.putInt(biClrImportant);
 
        for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
            buffer.putInt(data[i]);
        }
 
        return buffer.array();
    }

重新运行程序，图像正常：

源码

https://github.com/yushulx/NV21-to-RGB