一条经典的SQL语句优化实例

1、概述

如下SQL语句发生严重消耗资源的问题，使得OS's load average会在30以上，一条语句需要执行上百秒。

/*
PIXPatient 184176条
DomainPatient 184189条
PersonName 184189条
*/

捕获的SQL语句：

select *

from PIXPatient where PIXPatientTID
in (select distinct PIXPatientTID from DomainPatient where DomainPatientTID
in ( select DomainPatientTID from DomainPatient
  where PatientBirthday = '1994-01-09' or PatientBirthday = '1994-01-01'
  union select  DomainPatientTID from PersonName where FamilyName = '倪' or GivenName = '界'));

2、优化

a.优化前执行效率：
mysql>

select * from PIXPatient where PIXPatientTID
in (select distinct PIXPatientTID from DomainPatient where DomainPatientTID
in ( select DomainPatientTID from DomainPatient
  where PatientBirthday = '1994-01-09' or PatientBirthday = '1994-01-01'
  union select  DomainPatientTID from PersonName where FamilyName = '倪' or GivenName = '界'));

+---------------+--------------+------------------+
| PIXPatientTID | PIXPatientID | PIXPatientStatus |
+---------------+--------------+------------------+
|         17013 | 17013        | active           | 
|         35491 | 35491        | active           | 
|         39654 | 39654        | active           | 
|         47351 | 47351        | active           | 
|         77820 | 77820        | active           | 
|        111464 | 111464       | active           | 
|        151700 | 151700       | active           | 
|        168993 | 168993       | active           | 
+---------------+--------------+------------------+
8 rows in set (1 min 58.11 sec)
8 rows in set (23.80 sec) ---- 空闲时

b.加索引
alter table PersonName add index Index_FamilyName (FamilyName), add index Index_GivenName (GivenName);
alter table DomainPatient add index Index_PatientBirthday (PatientBirthday);

效果不明显

c.重构SQL语句（优化）
mysql>

select * from PIXPatient inner join (
    -> select distinct PIXPatientTID from DomainPatient inner join (
    -> select DomainPatientTID from DomainPatient  where PatientBirthday = '1994-01-09'
    -> union select DomainPatientTID from DomainPatient  where PatientBirthday = '1994-01-01'
    -> union select  DomainPatientTID from PersonName where FamilyName = '倪'
    -> union select  DomainPatientTID from PersonName where GivenName = '界' ) a using(DomainPatientTID) ) b using(PIXPatientTID) ;

+---------------+--------------+------------------+
| PIXPatientTID | PIXPatientID | PIXPatientStatus |
+---------------+--------------+------------------+
|         77820 | 77820        | active           | 
|        168993 | 168993       | active           | 
|         17013 | 17013        | active           | 
|         35491 | 35491        | active           | 
|         39654 | 39654        | active           | 
|         47351 | 47351        | active           | 
|        111464 | 111464       | active           | 
|        151700 | 151700       | active           | 
+---------------+--------------+------------------+
8 rows in set ( 1.11 sec)
8 rows in set (0.02 sec) ---- 空闲时

效果明显

3、结论

SQL语句中，尽量避免使用or,in关键字，因为执行效率低。


规律：

join > exists > in

union > or