基本光照代码

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-12 08:54:55 发布

zenny_chen

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-12 08:54:55 发布

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分类专栏：图形渲染与图像处理文章标签： struct initialization math.h buffer object up

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zenny_chen/article/details/5692678

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以下代码是基于Mac OS X Snow Leopard的对于光照的基本使用的代码：

// // MyView.m // OpenGLTest // // Created by Zenny Chen on 4/25/10. // Copyright 2010 GreenGames Studio. All rights reserved. // #import "MyView.h" #include <OpenGL/OpenGL.h> #include <math.h> @implementation MyView - (id)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frame { self = [super initWithFrame:frame]; if (self) { // Initialization code here. } return self; } static GLfloat g_x = 0.0f, g_y = 1.5f, g_z = -2.5f; static GLfloat t_x = 0.0f, t_y = 0.0f, t_z = -3.0f; - (void)prepareOpenGL { glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glFrontFace(GL_CCW); glCullFace(GL_BACK); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Setting material attribute glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, (GLfloat[]){1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, (GLfloat[]){50.0f}); // Setting light attribute glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, (GLfloat[]){1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, (GLfloat[]){1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}); //glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, (GLfloat[]){0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}); //glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, (GLfloat[]){0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}); /** * Setting attenuation */ glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_CONSTANT_ATTENUATION, 0.3f); glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_LINEAR_ATTENUATION, 0.4f); glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_QUADRATIC_ATTENUATION, 0.3f); // Setting spot exponent glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_EXPONENT, 100.0f); glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_CUTOFF, 15.0f); glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, (GLfloat[]){0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f}); glClearColor(0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1.0); glViewport(0, 0, 320, 320); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(-2.0, 2.0, -2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 5.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); } - (void)drawRect:(NSRect)dirtyRect { static const struct VertexInfo { GLfloat vertices[3]; }vertexList[] = { {-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f}, // v0: left-bottom-back {0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f}, // v1: right-bottom-back {0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f}, // v2: right-top-back {-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f}, // v3: left-top-back {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f}, // v4: left-bottom-front {0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f}, // v5: right-bottom-front {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f}, // v6: right-top-front {-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f} // v7: left-top-front }; static const struct ColourInfo { GLfloat colours[4]; }colourList[] = { {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f} }; static const struct NormalInfo { GLfloat normals[3]; }normalList[] = { {-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, // left {0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f}, // back {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, // right {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, // front {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, // top {0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f} // bottom }; struct { struct ColourInfo colours; struct NormalInfo normals; struct VertexInfo vertices; }cuboid[] = { // back {colourList[0], normalList[1], vertexList[0]}, {colourList[3], normalList[1], vertexList[3]}, {colourList[1], normalList[1], vertexList[1]}, {colourList[1], normalList[1], vertexList[1]}, {colourList[3], normalList[1], vertexList[3]}, {colourList[2], normalList[1], vertexList[2]}, // left {colourList[0], normalList[0], vertexList[0]}, {colourList[4], normalList[0], vertexList[4]}, {colourList[3], normalList[0], vertexList[3]}, {colourList[3], normalList[0], vertexList[3]}, {colourList[4], normalList[0], vertexList[4]}, {colourList[7], normalList[0], vertexList[7]}, // front {colourList[4], normalList[3], vertexList[4]}, {colourList[5], normalList[3], vertexList[5]}, {colourList[7], normalList[3], vertexList[7]}, {colourList[7], normalList[3], vertexList[7]}, {colourList[5], normalList[3], vertexList[5]}, {colourList[6], normalList[3], vertexList[6]}, // right {colourList[1], normalList[2], vertexList[1]}, {colourList[2], normalList[2], vertexList[2]}, {colourList[5], normalList[2], vertexList[5]}, {colourList[5], normalList[2], vertexList[5]}, {colourList[2], normalList[2], vertexList[2]}, {colourList[6], normalList[2], vertexList[6]}, // top {colourList[7], normalList[4], vertexList[7]}, {colourList[6], normalList[4], vertexList[6]}, {colourList[3], normalList[4], vertexList[3]}, {colourList[3], normalList[4], vertexList[3]}, {colourList[6], normalList[4], vertexList[6]}, {colourList[2], normalList[4], vertexList[2]}, // bottom {colourList[0], normalList[5], vertexList[0]}, {colourList[1], normalList[5], vertexList[1]}, {colourList[4], normalList[5], vertexList[4]}, {colourList[4], normalList[5], vertexList[4]}, {colourList[1], normalList[5], vertexList[1]}, {colourList[5], normalList[5], vertexList[5]}, }; glLoadIdentity(); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, (GLfloat[]){g_x, g_y, g_z, 1.0f}); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, (GLfloat[]){0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f}); glTranslatef(t_x, t_y, t_z); glRotatef(-60.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Drawing code here. glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glInterleavedArrays(GL_C4F_N3F_V3F, 0, cuboid); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, sizeof(cuboid) / sizeof(cuboid[0])); glFlush(); } - (BOOL)performKeyEquivalent:(NSEvent *)theEvent { unsigned keycode = [theEvent keyCode]; switch(keycode) { /** for light */ case 3: // key 'F' stands for "front" g_z += 0.05f; break; case 11: // key 'B' stands for "Back" g_z -= 0.05f; break; case 37: // key 'L' stands for "left" g_x -= 0.05f; break; case 15: // key 'R' stands for "right" g_x += 0.05f; break; case 32: // key 'U' stands for "up" g_y += 0.05f; break; case 2: // key 'D' stands for "down" g_y -= 0.05f; break; /** for object */ case 126: // up arrow t_y += 0.05f; break; case 125: // down arrow t_y -= 0.05f; break; case 123: // left arrow t_x -= 0.05f; break; case 124: // right arrow t_x += 0.05f; break; case 33: // '[' key stands for front t_z += 0.05f; break; case 30: // ']' key stands for back t_z -= 0.05f; break; } [self setNeedsDisplay:YES]; return YES; } - (void)mouseUp:(NSEvent *)theEvent { [self setNeedsDisplay:YES]; } @end

下面是将立方体的每个面再做一次分割，我们会看到具有不同的光照效果：

// // MyView.m // OpenGLTest // // Created by Zenny Chen on 4/25/10. // Copyright 2010 GreenGames Studio. All rights reserved. // P44 #import "MyView.h" #include <OpenGL/OpenGL.h> #include <math.h> @implementation MyView - (id)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frame { self = [super initWithFrame:frame]; if (self) { // Initialization code here. } return self; } static GLfloat g_x = 0.0f, g_y = 1.5f, g_z = -2.5f; static GLfloat t_x = 0.0f, t_y = 0.0f, t_z = -3.0f; - (void)prepareOpenGL { glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glFrontFace(GL_CCW); glCullFace(GL_BACK); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Setting material attribute glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, (GLfloat[]){1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, (GLfloat[]){50.0f}); // Setting light attribute glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, (GLfloat[]){1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, (GLfloat[]){1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}); //glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, (GLfloat[]){0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}); //glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, (GLfloat[]){0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}); /** * Setting attenuation */ glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_CONSTANT_ATTENUATION, 0.3f); glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_LINEAR_ATTENUATION, 0.4f); glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_QUADRATIC_ATTENUATION, 0.3f); // Setting spot exponent glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_EXPONENT, 100.0f); glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_CUTOFF, 15.0f); glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, (GLfloat[]){0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f}); glClearColor(0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1.0); glViewport(0, 0, 320, 320); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(-2.0, 2.0, -2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 5.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); } - (void)drawRect:(NSRect)dirtyRect { static const struct VertexInfo { GLfloat vertices[3]; }vertexList[] = { {-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f}, // v0: left-bottom-back {0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f}, // v1: right-bottom-back {0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f}, // v2: right-top-back {-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f}, // v3: left-top-back {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f}, // v4: left-bottom-front {0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f}, // v5: right-bottom-front {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f}, // v6: right-top-front {-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f}, // v7: left-top-front {-0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, // v8: left center {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f}, // v9: front center {0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, // v10: right center {0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f}, // v11: back center {0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f}, // v12: top center {0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f}, // v13: bottom center }; #if 0 // TRIANGLES pattern static const GLubyte __attribute__((aligned(4))) indices[] = { 0, 4, 8, 4, 7, 8, 7, 3, 8, 3, 0, 8, 4, 5, 9, 5, 6, 9, 6, 7, 9, 7, 4, 9, 5, 1, 10, 6, 5, 10, 2, 6, 10, 1, 2, 10, 1, 0, 11, 0, 3, 11, 3, 2, 11, 2, 1, 11, 3, 7, 12, 7, 6, 12, 6, 2, 12, 2, 3, 12, 4, 0, 13, 0, 1, 13, 1, 5, 13, 5, 4, 13 }; #else // TRIANGLE STRIP pattern static const GLubyte __attribute__((aligned(4))) indices[] = { 0, 4, 8, 7, 3, 0, 8, 4, 4, 5, 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, 5, 5, 1, 10, 2, 6, 5, 10, 1, 1, 0, 11, 3, 2, 1, 11, 2, 2, 3, 12, 7, 6, 2, 12, 1, 1, 5, 13, 4, 0, 1, 13 }; #endif glLoadIdentity(); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, (GLfloat[]){g_x, g_y, g_z, 1.0f}); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, (GLfloat[]){0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f}); glTranslatef(t_x, t_y, t_z); glRotatef(-60.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Drawing code here. glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // just for debug glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexList); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, sizeof(indices) / sizeof(indices[0]), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); glFlush(); } - (BOOL)performKeyEquivalent:(NSEvent *)theEvent { unsigned keycode = [theEvent keyCode]; switch(keycode) { /** for light */ case 3: // key 'F' stands for "front" g_z += 0.05f; break; case 11: // key 'B' stands for "Back" g_z -= 0.05f; break; case 37: // key 'L' stands for "left" g_x -= 0.05f; break; case 15: // key 'R' stands for "right" g_x += 0.05f; break; case 32: // key 'U' stands for "up" g_y += 0.05f; break; case 2: // key 'D' stands for "down" g_y -= 0.05f; break; /** for object */ case 126: // up arrow t_y += 0.05f; break; case 125: // down arrow t_y -= 0.05f; break; case 123: // left arrow t_x -= 0.05f; break; case 124: // right arrow t_x += 0.05f; break; case 33: // '[' key stands for front t_z += 0.05f; break; case 30: // ']' key stands for back t_z -= 0.05f; break; } [self setNeedsDisplay:YES]; return YES; } - (void)mouseUp:(NSEvent *)theEvent { [self setNeedsDisplay:YES]; } @end

由于被照射物体的光照效果是根据其被照射面的顶点属性有关，因此对于交大的多边形，受光照的覆盖率就比较低，我们可以通过将大多边形分割成更多更小的多边形来扩大光照范围。