CompletableFuture是java8中添加的一个类了,这个类主要的作用就是提供了新的方式来完成异步处理,包括合成和组合事件的非阻塞方式。
简单示例:
对于Future可以这样提交任务:
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
Future<String> result = executor.submit(() -> {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
return "hello";
});
System.out.println(result.get());
使用CompletableFuture:
CompletableFuture<String> resultCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "hello";
}
}, executor);
System.out.println(resultCompletableFuture.get());
这里,CompletableFuture和Future的get()调用都会阻塞,但是可以CompletableFuture注册类似一个回调函数去处理结果:
CompletableFuture<String> resultCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "hello";
}
}, executor);
System.out.println(resultCompletableFuture.thenAccept(new Consumer<String>(){
@Override
public void accept(String t) {
System.out.println(t);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}));
System.out.println(123);
运行结果:
java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture@1b28cdfa[Not completed]
123
pool-1-thread-2
hello
pool-1-thread-2
可以看出来,在CompletableFuture注册的回调函数的执行与其提交的任务的执行是同一个线程完成的。如果不想同一个线程来完成回调函数,可以这样:
CompletableFuture<String> resultCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "hello";
}
}, executor);
resultCompletableFuture.thenAcceptAsync(new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String t) {
System.out.println(t);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}, executor);
System.out.println(123);
这里第二个参数executor也可以使用其它的线程池,当然如果不指定第二个参数,即
resultCompletableFuture.thenAcceptAsync(new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String t) {
System.out.println(t);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
});
这时会使用ForkJoinPool.commonPool这个线程池。
可以对通过completeExceptionally 函数对CompletableFuture发出异常通知:
CompletableFuture<String> resultCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
System.out.println("run--" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "hello";
}
}, executor);
resultCompletableFuture.thenAccept(new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String t) {
System.out.println("accept--" + t);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
});
resultCompletableFuture.completeExceptionally(new Exception("error"));
System.out.println("over");
运行结果:
over
run--pool-1-thread-1
可以发现thenAccept注册的回调函数不再执行,但是任务还是会执行完。
可以显式声明来处理异常:
CompletableFuture<String> resultCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
System.out.println("run--" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "hello";
}
}, executor);
resultCompletableFuture.thenAccept(new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String t) {
System.out.println("accept--" + t);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).exceptionally(new Function<Throwable, Void>(){
@Override
public Void apply(Throwable t) {
System.out.println(t.getMessage());
return null;
}
});
resultCompletableFuture.completeExceptionally(new Exception("error"));
System.out.println("over");
运行结果:
java.lang.Exception: error
over
run--pool-1-thread-1
但是,如果exceptionally的声明提前了呢?
CompletableFuture<String> resultCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
System.out.println("run--" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "hello";
}
}, executor);
resultCompletableFuture.exceptionally(new Function<Throwable, String>() {
@Override
public String apply(Throwable t) {
System.out.println(t.getMessage());
return t.getMessage();
}
}).thenAccept(new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String t) {
System.out.println("accept--" + t);
System.out.println("accept--" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
});
resultCompletableFuture.completeExceptionally(new Exception("error"));
System.out.println("over");
注意到,两次exceptionally的参数Function <T, R>的类型值是不一样的,运行结果:
error
accept--error
accept--main
over
run--pool-1-thread-1
可以看出,在thenAccept前声明的exceptionally会有一个返回值传递给thenAccept。