设计模式-建造者

1.场景：建造一个复杂的产品，或者构建一个复杂对象需要很多步骤，而且步骤之间有一定的顺序
2.本质：
<1>分离了对象子组件的单独构造(由Builder来负责)和装配(由Director负责)。从而可以构造出复杂的对象。这个模式适用于：某个对象的构造过程复杂的情况下使用。
<2>由于实现了构建和装配的解蕅。不同的构建 器，相同的装配，也可以装配出不同的对象；相同的构建器，不同的装配顺序也可以做出不同的对象。也就是实现了构建算法，装配算法的解藕，实现了更好的复用。
3.示例代码：
<1>构建的实体及实体包含的组件

/**
 * @author Administrator
 * 飞船
 */
public class Airship {
    private Engine engine;
    private OrbitalModule orbitalModule;
    private EscapeTower escapeTower;
    public Airship() {
        super();
    }
    public Airship(Engine engine, OrbitalModule orbitalModule, EscapeTower escapeTower) {
        super();
        this.engine = engine;
        this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule;
        this.escapeTower = escapeTower;
    }
    public Engine getEngine() {
        return engine;
    }
    public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
        this.engine = engine;
    }
    public OrbitalModule getOrbitalModule() {
        return orbitalModule;
    }
    public void setOrbitalModule(OrbitalModule orbitalModule) {
        this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule;
    }
    public EscapeTower getEscapeTower() {
        return escapeTower;
    }
    public void setEscapeTower(EscapeTower escapeTower) {
        this.escapeTower = escapeTower;
    }

}
//引擎
class Engine{
    private String name;
    public Engine(String name) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//轨道窗
class OrbitalModule{
    private String name;
    public OrbitalModule(String name) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//逃逸塔
class EscapeTower{
    private String name;
    public EscapeTower(String name) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

<2>抽象的建造者

    //构建者接口
    public interface AirshipBuilder {
        Engine buildEngine();
        OrbitalModule buildOrbialModule();
        EscapeTower buildEscapeTower();
    }

<3>具体的构建者

//具体构建者
public class ChinaAirshipBuilder implements AirshipBuilder {
    @Override
    public Engine buildEngine() {
        System.out.println("构造中国飞天引擎");
        return new Engine("飞天引擎");
    }
    @Override
    public OrbitalModule buildOrbialModule() {
        System.out.println("构造中国飞天轨道窗");
        return new OrbitalModule("飞天轨道窗");
    }
    @Override
    public EscapeTower buildEscapeTower() {
        System.out.println("构造中国飞天逃逸塔");
        return new EscapeTower("飞天逃逸塔");
    }
}

<4>抽象装配者

    //装配者接口
    public interface AirshipDirector {
        Airship directorAirship();
    }

<5>具体装配者

    //具体的装配器
    public class ChinaAirshipDirector implements AirshipDirector {
        //构造器
        private AirshipBuilder airshipBuilder;

        public ChinaAirshipDirector(AirshipBuilder airshipBuilder) {
            super();
            this.airshipBuilder = airshipBuilder;
        }
        @Override
        public Airship directorAirship() {
            Engine engine=airshipBuilder.buildEngine();
            OrbitalModule orbitalModule=airshipBuilder.buildOrbialModule();
            EscapeTower escapeTower=airshipBuilder.buildEscapeTower();
            Airship chinaAirship=new Airship(engine, orbitalModule, escapeTower);
            System.out.println("装配中国飞天飞船成功");
            return chinaAirship;
        }
    }

<6>客户端

    //客户端
    public class Client {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            AirshipBuilder airshipBuilder=new ChinaAirshipBuilder();
            AirshipDirector airshipDirector=new ChinaAirshipDirector(airshipBuilder);
            Airship airship=airshipDirector.directorAirship();
        }
    }

4.实际举例
<1>StringBuilder类的append方法
<2>SQL中的PrepareStatement
<3>JDOM中的DomBuilder,SAXBuilder