在广域网，光纤SDH/SoNET 网络排错中经常会看到很多缩写。
这里大概总结了下，常用的参数缩写，供大家参考。
SDH error and alarm signals
In SDH overhead, there are a lot of OAM functionalities inter alia used for signaling errors over the transport network.
Here’s an short overview for important signals supported by Cisco.
- Regenerator Section Errors and Alarms
LOS regenerator section alarm indication signal LOF regenerator section loss of frame RS-TIM regenerator section trace identifier mismatch RS-BIP regenerator section bit errors (BIP parity error) - Multiplex Section Errors and Alarms
MS-AIS multiplex section alarm indication signal MS-REI multiplex section path remote error indicator MS-RDI multiplex section path remote defect indicator MS-BIP multiplex section bit errors (BIP parity error) - Higher-order Path Errors and Alarms
HP-UNEQ higher-order path unequipped HP-TIM higher-order path trace identifier mismatch HP-BIP higher-order path bit errors HP-REI higher-order path remote error indicator HP-RDI higher-order path remote defect indicator HP-PLM higher-order path payload label mismatch - Lower-order Path Errors and Alarms
TU-LOP tributary unit loss of pointer TU-NDP tributary unit new data flag in pointer TU-AIS tributary unit alarm indication signal TU-LOM tributary unit loss of multiframe BIP-2/B3 lower-order path bit errors (BIP parity error) LP-UNEQ lower-order path unequipped LP-RFI lower-order path remote failure indicator LP-REI lower-order path remote error indicator LP-RDI lower-order path remote defect indicator LP-TIM lower-order path trace identifier mismatch LP-PLM lower-order path payload label mismatch - Line Errors and Alarms
AIS-L line alarm indication signal REI-L line remote error indicator RDI-L line remote defect indicator BIP-L line bit errors (BIP parity error)
Abbreviations for PMON
To work with performance monitoring counters (PMON), you have to know the abbreviations and the values available in the different hierarchical levels.
- Regenerator section
CV Code Violations Number of BIP-n parity violations ES Errored seconds At least one second interval during which at least one error occurred. SES Severely Errored seconds A one-second interval during which the BER has exceeded 1 in 10 EE-3. SEFS Severely Errored Framing Seconds An Severely Errored Framing Second is a second with either one or more OOF defects or a detected AIS defect.
- Multiplex section, higher-order and lower-order (tributary) path
CV Code Violations Number of BIP-n parity violations ES Errored seconds At least one second interval during which at least one error occurred. SES Severely Errored seconds A one-second interval during which the BER has exceeded 1 in 10 EE-3. AUAS Unavailable seconds The number of seconds during which the signal is alarmed or experiencing an BER exceeding 1 in 10 EE-3 for 10 consecutive seconds
- Line
LCV Line Code Violation Indicates the occurrence of either a Bipolar Violation (BPV) or Excessive Zeros (EXZ) error event. PCV Path Code Violation Indicates a frame synchronization bit error in the D4 and E1-no CRC formats, or a CRC error in the Extended Superframe (ESF) and E1-CRC formats. CSS Controlled slip seconds A Controlled Slip Second is a one-second interval containing one or more controlled slips SEFS Severely Errored Framing Seconds An Severely Errored Framing Second is a second with either one or more OOF defects or a detected AIS defect. LES Line Errored Seconds Line Errored Seconds (LES) is a second in which one or more Line Code Violation errors are detected. DM Degraded minutes A degraded minute is one in which the estimated error rate exceeds 1E-6 but does not exceed 1E-3. ES Errored seconds An errored second is a second in which one ore more PCV, CSS or bipolar violation (non-CRC links) is detected BES Bursty errored seconds A second with more than one but fewer than 320 Path Coding Violation errors, no Severely Errored Frame defects and no detected incoming AIS defects. Controlled slips are not included in this parameter. UAS Unavailable seconds A count of the total number of seconds on the interface. This field is calculated by counting the number of seconds that the interface is unavailable. SS Slip seconds Indicates the replication or deletion of the payload bits of a domestic trunk interface (DS1) frame. A slip might happen when there is a difference between the timing of a synchronous receiving terminal and the received signal.
一些有用的文档：
Troubleshooting Physical Layer Alarms on SONET and SDH Links
Troubleshooting PSE and NSE Events on POS Interfaces
Troubleshooting Bit Error Rate Errors on SONET Links
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