【面试题十三】在O(1)时间删除链表结点

在O(1)时间删除链表结点

我们要删除结点i,我们可以把结点i的下一个结点j的内容复制到结点i，然后呢把结点i的指针指向结点j的下一个结点。然后在删除结点j；

1.如果结点i位于链表的尾部；

2.如果结点i位于链表的头部；

3.如果结点i既是链表的头部又是链表的尾部；

DeleNode.cpp:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include "List.h"

using namespace std;

void DeleteNode(ListNode** pListHead, ListNode* pToBeDeleted)
{
	if(!pListHead || !pToBeDeleted)
	{
		return ;
	}
	/*要删除的结点不是尾结点*/
	if(pToBeDeleted->m_pNext != NULL)
	{
		ListNode* pNext = pToBeDeleted->m_pNext;
		pToBeDeleted->m_nValue = pNext->m_nValue;
		pToBeDeleted->m_pNext = pNext->m_pNext;

		delete pNext;
		pNext = NULL;
	}
	/*链表只有一个结点，删除头结点（也是尾结点）*/
	else if (*pListHead == pToBeDeleted)
	{
		delete pToBeDeleted;
		pToBeDeleted = NULL;
		*pListHead = NULL;
	}
	/*链表中有多个芥蒂娜，删除尾结点*/
	else 
	{
		ListNode* pNode = *pListHead;
		while(pNode->m_pNext != pToBeDeleted)
		{
			pNode = pNode->m_pNext;
		}
		pNode->m_pNext = NULL;
		delete pToBeDeleted;
		pToBeDeleted = NULL;
	}

}


// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(ListNode* pListHead, ListNode* pNode)
{
    printf("The original list is: \n");
    PrintList(pListHead);

    printf("The node to be deleted is: \n");
    PrintListNode(pNode);

    DeleteNode(&pListHead, pNode);
    
    printf("The result list is: \n");
    PrintList(pListHead);
}

// 链表中有多个结点，删除中间的结点
void Test1()
{
    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);
    ListNode* pNode2 = CreateListNode(2);
    ListNode* pNode3 = CreateListNode(3);
    ListNode* pNode4 = CreateListNode(4);
    ListNode* pNode5 = CreateListNode(5);

    ConnectListNodes(pNode1, pNode2);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode2, pNode3);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode3, pNode4);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode4, pNode5);

    Test(pNode1, pNode3);

    DestroyList(pNode1);
}

// 链表中有多个结点，删除尾结点
void Test2()
{
    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);
    ListNode* pNode2 = CreateListNode(2);
    ListNode* pNode3 = CreateListNode(3);
    ListNode* pNode4 = CreateListNode(4);
    ListNode* pNode5 = CreateListNode(5);

    ConnectListNodes(pNode1, pNode2);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode2, pNode3);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode3, pNode4);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode4, pNode5);

    Test(pNode1, pNode5);

    DestroyList(pNode1);
}

// 链表中有多个结点，删除头结点
void Test3()
{
    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);
    ListNode* pNode2 = CreateListNode(2);
    ListNode* pNode3 = CreateListNode(3);
    ListNode* pNode4 = CreateListNode(4);
    ListNode* pNode5 = CreateListNode(5);

    ConnectListNodes(pNode1, pNode2);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode2, pNode3);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode3, pNode4);
    ConnectListNodes(pNode4, pNode5);

    Test(pNode1, pNode1);

    DestroyList(pNode1);
}

// 链表中只有一个结点，删除头结点
void Test4()
{
    ListNode* pNode1 = CreateListNode(1);

    Test(pNode1, pNode1);
}

// 链表为空
void Test5()
{
    Test(NULL, NULL);
}

int main()
{
    Test1();
    Test2();
    Test3();
    Test4();
    Test5();

    return 0;
}

List.h:

#ifndef _List_H_
#define _List_H_

struct ListNode
{
    int       m_nValue;
    ListNode* m_pNext;
};

ListNode* CreateListNode(int value);
void ConnectListNodes(ListNode* pCurrent, ListNode* pNext);
void PrintListNode(ListNode* pNode);
void PrintList(ListNode* pHead);
void DestroyList(ListNode* pHead);
void AddToTail(ListNode** pHead, int value);
void RemoveNode(ListNode** pHead, int value);

#endif /*_List_H_*/

List.cpp:

#include "List.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

ListNode* CreateListNode(int value)
{
    ListNode* pNode = new ListNode();
    pNode->m_nValue = value;
    pNode->m_pNext = NULL;

    return pNode;
}

void ConnectListNodes(ListNode* pCurrent, ListNode* pNext)
{
    if(pCurrent == NULL)
    {
        printf("Error to connect two nodes.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    pCurrent->m_pNext = pNext;
}

void PrintListNode(ListNode* pNode)
{ 
    if(pNode == NULL)
    {
        printf("The node is NULL\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("The key in node is %d.\n", pNode->m_nValue);
    }
}

void PrintList(ListNode* pHead)
{
    printf("PrintList starts.\n");
    
    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while(pNode != NULL)
    {
        printf("%d\t", pNode->m_nValue);
        pNode = pNode->m_pNext;
    }

    printf("\nPrintList ends.\n");
}

void DestroyList(ListNode* pHead)
{
    ListNode* pNode = pHead;
    while(pNode != NULL)
    {
        pHead = pHead->m_pNext;
        delete pNode;
        pNode = pHead;
    }
}

void AddToTail(ListNode** pHead, int value)
{
    ListNode* pNew = new ListNode();
    pNew->m_nValue = value;
    pNew->m_pNext = NULL;

    if(*pHead == NULL)
    {
        *pHead = pNew;
    }
    else
    {
        ListNode* pNode = *pHead;
        while(pNode->m_pNext != NULL)
            pNode = pNode->m_pNext;

        pNode->m_pNext = pNew;
    }
}

void RemoveNode(ListNode** pHead, int value)
{
    if(pHead == NULL || *pHead == NULL)
        return;

    ListNode* pToBeDeleted = NULL;
    if((*pHead)->m_nValue == value)
    {
        pToBeDeleted = *pHead;
        *pHead = (*pHead)->m_pNext;
    }
    else
    {
        ListNode* pNode = *pHead;
        while(pNode->m_pNext != NULL && pNode->m_pNext->m_nValue != value)
            pNode = pNode->m_pNext;

        if(pNode->m_pNext != NULL && pNode->m_pNext->m_nValue == value)
        {
            pToBeDeleted = pNode->m_pNext;
            pNode->m_pNext = pNode->m_pNext->m_pNext;
        }
    }

    if(pToBeDeleted != NULL)
    {
        delete pToBeDeleted;
        pToBeDeleted = NULL;
    }
}

Makefile:

.PHONY:clean
CPP=g++
CFLAGS=-Wall -g
BIN=test
OBJS=DeleNode.o List.o
LIBS=
$(BIN):$(OBJS)
	$(CPP) $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LIBS)
%.o:%.cpp
	$(CPP) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
clean:
	rm -f *.o $(BIN)

运行结果：

The original list is: 
PrintList starts.
1       2       3       4       5
PrintList ends.
The node to be deleted is: 
The key in node is 3.
The result list is: 
PrintList starts.
1       2       4       5
PrintList ends.
The original list is: 
PrintList starts.
1       2       3       4       5
PrintList ends.
The node to be deleted is: 
The key in node is 5.
The result list is: 
PrintList starts.
1       2       3       4
PrintList ends.
The original list is: 
PrintList starts.
1       2       3       4       5
PrintList ends.
The node to be deleted is: 
The key in node is 1.
The result list is: 
PrintList starts.
2       3       4       5
PrintList ends.
The original list is: 
PrintList starts.
1
PrintList ends.
The node to be deleted is: 
The key in node is 1.
The result list is: 
PrintList starts.

PrintList ends.
The original list is: 
PrintList starts.

PrintList ends.
The node to be deleted is: 
The node is NULL
The result list is: 
PrintList starts.

PrintList ends.