重建二叉树
在前序遍历和中序遍历两个序列中,确定了根结点的值,进而分别找到了左右子树对应的序列;
ConstructBinaryTree.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include "BinaryTree.h"
#include <exception>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
BinaryTreeNode* ConstructCore(int* startPreorder, int* endPreorder, int* startInorder, int* endInorder);
BinaryTreeNode* Construct(int* preorder, int* inorder, int length)
{
if(preorder == NULL || inorder == NULL || length <= 0)
return NULL;
return ConstructCore(preorder, preorder + length - 1,
inorder, inorder + length - 1);
}
BinaryTreeNode* ConstructCore
(
int* startPreorder, int* endPreorder,
int* startInorder, int* endInorder
)
{
// 前序遍历序列的第一个数字是根结点的值
int rootValue = startPreorder[0];
BinaryTreeNode* root = new BinaryTreeNode();
root->m_nValue = rootValue;
root->m_pLeft = root->m_pRight = NULL;
if(startPreorder == endPreorder)
{
if(startInorder == endInorder && *startPreorder == *startInorder)
return root;
else
throw std::exception();
}
// 在中序遍历中找到根结点的值
int* rootInorder = startInorder;
while(rootInorder <= endInorder && *rootInorder != rootValue)
++ rootInorder;
if(rootInorder == endInorder && *rootInorder != rootValue)
throw std::exception();
int leftLength = rootInorder - startInorder;
int* leftPreorderEnd = startPreorder + leftLength;
if(leftLength > 0)
{
// 构建左子树
root->m_pLeft = ConstructCore(startPreorder + 1, leftPreorderEnd,
startInorder, rootInorder - 1);
}
if(leftLength < endPreorder - startPreorder)
{
// 构建右子树
root->m_pRight = ConstructCore(leftPreorderEnd + 1, endPreorder,
rootInorder + 1, endInorder);
}
return root;
}
// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char* testName, int* preorder, int* inorder, int length)
{
if(testName != NULL)
printf("%s begins:\n", testName);
printf("The preorder sequence is: ");
for(int i = 0; i < length; ++ i)
printf("%d ", preorder[i]);
printf("\n");
printf("The inorder sequence is: ");
for(int i = 0; i < length; ++ i)
printf("%d ", inorder[i]);
printf("\n");
try
{
BinaryTreeNode* root = Construct(preorder, inorder, length);
PrintTree(root);
DestroyTree(root);
}
catch(std::exception& exception)
{
printf("Invalid Input.\n");
}
}
// 普通二叉树
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / / \
// 4 5 6
// \ /
// 7 8
void Test1()
{
const int length = 8;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 7, 3, 5, 6, 8};
int inorder[length] = {4, 7, 2, 1, 5, 3, 8, 6};
Test("Test1", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 所有结点都没有右子结点
// 1
// /
// 2
// /
// 3
// /
// 4
// /
// 5
void Test2()
{
const int length = 5;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int inorder[length] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
Test("Test2", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 所有结点都没有左子结点
// 1
// \
// 2
// \
// 3
// \
// 4
// \
// 5
void Test3()
{
const int length = 5;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int inorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Test("Test3", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 树中只有一个结点
void Test4()
{
const int length = 1;
int preorder[length] = {1};
int inorder[length] = {1};
Test("Test4", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 完全二叉树
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 6 7
void Test5()
{
const int length = 7;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7};
int inorder[length] = {4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 7};
Test("Test5", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 输入空指针
void Test6()
{
Test("Test6", NULL, NULL, 0);
}
// 输入的两个序列不匹配
void Test7()
{
const int length = 7;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7};
int inorder[length] = {4, 2, 8, 1, 6, 3, 7};
Test("Test7: for unmatched input", preorder, inorder, length);
}
int main()
{
Test1();
Test2();
Test3();
Test4();
Test5();
Test6();
Test7();
return 0;
}
BinaryTree.h:
#ifndef _BINARY_TREE_H_
#define _BINARY_TREE_H_
struct BinaryTreeNode
{
int m_nValue;
BinaryTreeNode* m_pLeft;
BinaryTreeNode* m_pRight;
};
BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value);
void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight);
void PrintTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode* pNode);
void PrintTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot);
void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot);
#endif /*_BINARY_TREE_H_*/
BinaryTree.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include "BinaryTree.h"
using namespace std;
BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value)
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode = new BinaryTreeNode();
pNode->m_nValue = value;
pNode->m_pLeft = NULL;
pNode->m_pRight = NULL;
return pNode;
}
void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight)
{
if(pParent != NULL)
{
pParent->m_pLeft = pLeft;
pParent->m_pRight = pRight;
}
}
void PrintTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode* pNode)
{
if(pNode != NULL)
{
printf("value of this node is: %d\n", pNode->m_nValue);
if(pNode->m_pLeft != NULL)
printf("value of its left child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pLeft->m_nValue);
else
printf("left child is null.\n");
if(pNode->m_pRight != NULL)
printf("value of its right child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pRight->m_nValue);
else
printf("right child is null.\n");
}
else
{
printf("this node is null.\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
void PrintTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
PrintTreeNode(pRoot);
if(pRoot != NULL)
{
if(pRoot->m_pLeft != NULL)
PrintTree(pRoot->m_pLeft);
if(pRoot->m_pRight != NULL)
PrintTree(pRoot->m_pRight);
}
}
void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
if(pRoot != NULL)
{
BinaryTreeNode* pLeft = pRoot->m_pLeft;
BinaryTreeNode* pRight = pRoot->m_pRight;
delete pRoot;
pRoot = NULL;
DestroyTree(pLeft);
DestroyTree(pRight);
}
}
Makefile:
.PHONY:clean
CPP=g++
CFLAGS=-Wall -g
BIN=test
OBJS=ConstructBinaryTree.o BinaryTree.o
LIBS=
$(BIN):$(OBJS)
$(CPP) $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LIBS)
%.o:%.cpp
$(CPP) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
clean:
rm -f *.o $(BIN)
运行结果:
Test1 begins:
The preorder sequence is: 1 2 4 7 3 5 6 8
The inorder sequence is: 4 7 2 1 5 3 8 6
value of this node is: 1
value of its left child is: 2.
value of its right child is: 3.
value of this node is: 2
value of its left child is: 4.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 4
left child is null.
value of its right child is: 7.
value of this node is: 7
left child is null.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 3
value of its left child is: 5.
value of its right child is: 6.
value of this node is: 5
left child is null.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 6
value of its left child is: 8.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 8
left child is null.
right child is null.
Test2 begins:
The preorder sequence is: 1 2 3 4 5
The inorder sequence is: 5 4 3 2 1
value of this node is: 1
value of its left child is: 2.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 2
value of its left child is: 3.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 3
value of its left child is: 4.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 4
value of its left child is: 5.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 5
left child is null.
right child is null.
Test3 begins:
The preorder sequence is: 1 2 3 4 5
The inorder sequence is: 1 2 3 4 5
value of this node is: 1
left child is null.
value of its right child is: 2.
value of this node is: 2
left child is null.
value of its right child is: 3.
value of this node is: 3
left child is null.
value of its right child is: 4.
value of this node is: 4
left child is null.
value of its right child is: 5.
value of this node is: 5
left child is null.
right child is null.
Test4 begins:
The preorder sequence is: 1
The inorder sequence is: 1
value of this node is: 1
left child is null.
right child is null.
Test5 begins:
The preorder sequence is: 1 2 4 5 3 6 7
The inorder sequence is: 4 2 5 1 6 3 7
value of this node is: 1
value of its left child is: 2.
value of its right child is: 3.
value of this node is: 2
value of its left child is: 4.
value of its right child is: 5.
value of this node is: 4
left child is null.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 5
left child is null.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 3
value of its left child is: 6.
value of its right child is: 7.
value of this node is: 6
left child is null.
right child is null.
value of this node is: 7
left child is null.
right child is null.
Test6 begins:
The preorder sequence is:
The inorder sequence is:
this node is null.
Test7: for unmatched input begins:
The preorder sequence is: 1 2 4 5 3 6 7
The inorder sequence is: 4 2 8 1 6 3 7
Invalid Input.