史上最全系列之设备功能之短信

下面从设计短信程序设计过程来介绍一下Android手机上的短信功能。
一、短信权限
发送短信权限

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01	< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.SEND_SMS" />

读取短信权限

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01	< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.READ_SMS" />

写入短信权限

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01	< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WRITE_SMS" />

接收短信权限

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01	< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />

二、短信广播
手机在接收到短信后会发出一条广播，如果需要对接收到的短信进行处理需要注册该广播的接收器。
三、短信存储
Android手机中的短信保存在数据库中，用ContentProvider来共享数据。数据库文件为/dbdata/databases/com.android.providers.telephony/mmssms.db，用DDMS可以查看。

表名	访问数据库的uri
版本	X1
uri	内容
content://sms/inbox	收件箱
content://sms/sent	已发送
content://sms/draft	草稿箱
content://sms/outbox	发件箱
content://sms/failed	发送失败
content://sms/queued	待发送序列

表名	数据库相关字段
版本	X1
字段名	内容
_id	一个自增字段，从1开始
thread_id	收件人编号
address	收件人手机号码
person	联系人列表里的序号，陌生人为null
date	发件日期，单位是milliseconds，从1970/01/01至今所经过的时间
protocol	协议，分为： 0 SMS_RPOTO, 1 MMS_PROTO
read	是否阅读，0未读， 1已读
status	状态，，-1接收，0 complete, 64 pending, 128失败
type	ALL= 0，INBOX  = 1，SENT   = 2，DRAFT  = 3，OUTBOX = 4，FAILED = 5，QUEUED = 6
body	短信内容
service_center	短信服务中心号码编号
subject	短信主题
reply_path_present	应答路径（TP-Reply-Path）
locked	短信是否锁定

四、获取短信
分成两种，一种是通过监听广播来获取，另外一种是直接读取数据库中的内容。下面以接收短信分别介绍一下。
1、监听广播
这种方式只有在接收到新短信时才会触发。新短信的定义为，向系统收件箱中写入短信，包括接收短信写入和人为写入短信。这种方法需要注册广播接收器，注册方法有两种，一种在xml文件中注册，另外一种是在代码中注册。
广播接收器：
Java代码

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public class SMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {        @Override       public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {           // TODO        }    }

xml文件内容
添加到AndroidManifest.xml文件中

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< receiver android:name=”.receiver.SMSReceiver” android:enabled=”true”>    < intent-filter >    < action android:name=”android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED” />    </ intent-filter >    </ receiver >

或者在代码中实现
广播接收器实例化

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private BroadcastReceiver SMSreceiver= new BroadcastReceiver(){ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if ( "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" .equals(intent.getAction())) { SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy年MM月dd日HH:mm:ss" ); Date curDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); messagedate = formatter.format(curDate); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); // 接收由SMS传过来的数据 Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras(); // 判断是否有数据 if (bundle != null ) { // 通过pdus可以获得接收到的所有短信消息 Object[] objArray = (Object[]) bundle.get( "pdus" ); /* 构建短信对象array,并依据收到的对象长度来创建array的大小 */ SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[objArray.length]; for (int i = 0; i < objArray.length; i++) { messages<i> = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) objArray<i>); }   /* 将送来的短信合并自定义信息于StringBuilder当中 */ for (SmsMessage currentMessage : messages) { sb.append( "短信来源:" ); // 获得接收短信的电话号码 sb.append(currentMessage.getDisplayOriginatingAddress()); sb.append( "\n------短信内容------\n" ); // 获得短信的内容 sb.append(currentMessage.getDisplayMessageBody()); } } Toast.makeText(context, sb.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } };</i></i>

注册监听器

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//过滤器 IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction( "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" ); //设置优先级 intentFilter.setPriority( 500 ); //注册监听器 registerReceiver(SMSreceiver, intentFilter);

2、读数据库

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public String getSmsInPhone() { final String SMS_URI_ALL = "content://sms/" ; final String SMS_URI_INBOX = "content://sms/inbox" ; final String SMS_URI_SEND = "content://sms/sent" ; final String SMS_URI_DRAFT = "content://sms/draft" ; final String SMS_URI_OUTBOX = "content://sms/outbox" ; final String SMS_URI_FAILED = "content://sms/failed" ; final String SMS_URI_QUEUED = "content://sms/queued" ;   StringBuilder smsBuilder = new StringBuilder();   try { Uri uri = Uri.parse(SMS_URI_ALL); String[] projection = new String[] { "_id" , "address" , "person" , "body" , "date" , "type" }; Cursor cur = getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null , null , "date desc" ); // 获取手机内部短信   if (cur.moveToFirst()) { int index_Address = cur.getColumnIndex( "address" ); int index_Person = cur.getColumnIndex( "person" ); int index_Body = cur.getColumnIndex( "body" ); int index_Date = cur.getColumnIndex( "date" ); int index_Type = cur.getColumnIndex( "type" );   do { String strAddress = cur.getString(index_Address); int intPerson = cur.getInt(index_Person); String strbody = cur.getString(index_Body); long longDate = cur.getLong(index_Date); int intType = cur.getInt(index_Type);   SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss" ); Date d = new Date(longDate); String strDate = dateFormat.format(d);   String strType = "" ; if (intType == 1 ) { strType = "接收" ; } else if (intType == 2 ) { strType = "发送" ; } else { strType = "null" ; }   smsBuilder.append( "[ " ); smsBuilder.append(strAddress + ", " ); smsBuilder.append(intPerson + ", " ); smsBuilder.append(strbody + ", " ); smsBuilder.append(strDate + ", " ); smsBuilder.append(strType); smsBuilder.append( " ]\n\n" ); } while (cur.moveToNext());   if (!cur.isClosed()) { cur.close(); cur = null ; } } else { smsBuilder.append( "no result!" ); } // end if   smsBuilder.append( "getSmsInPhone has executed!" );   } catch (SQLiteException ex) { Log.d( "SQLiteException in getSmsInPhone" , ex.getMessage()); }   return smsBuilder.toString(); }

代码来源：http://blog.csdn.net/sunboy_2050/article/details/7328321
上述代码涉及ContentProvider的操作，另外有相关资料介绍可从数据库端来监听短信收发，相关代码如下（http://lyp2002924.iteye.com/blog/491718）：

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//如下 主要用于内部数据库改变，向外面的界面(Activity)做反应 class SMSHandler extends Handler { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { //Handle message } } // 对收到短消息后，做出的处理,这里直接删除，并没有反应到界面，所以上面的handleMessage是空的。 class SMSObserver extends ContentObserver { private Handle m_handle = null ; public SMSObserver(Handle handle) { super (handle); m_handle = handle; } public void onChange( boolean bSelfChange) { super .onChange(bSelfChange); //Send message to Activity Message msg = new Message(); msg.obj = "xxxxxxxxxx" ; m_handle.sendMessage(msg); String strUriInbox = "content://sms/inbox" ; Uri uriSms = Uri.parse(strUriInbox); //If you want to access all SMS, just replace the uri string to "content://sms/" Cursor c = mContext.getContentResolver().query(uriSms, null , null , null , null ); // delete all sms here when every new sms occures. while (c.moveToNext()) { //Read the contents of the SMS; for ( int i; i < c.getColumnCount(); i++) { String strColumnName = c.getColumnName(i); String strColumnValue = c.getString(i); } //Delete the SMS String uri = "content://sms" ; mContext.getContentResolver().delete(Uri.parse(uri), null , null ); } } } //把基本类功能性地应用起来 ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver(); // Context 环境下getContentResolver() Handler handler = new SMSHandler(); ContentObserver m_SMSObserver = new SMSObserver(handler); contentResolver.registerContentObserver(Uri.parse( "content://sms" ), true , m_SMSObserver); //Register to observe SMS in outbox,we can observe SMS in other location by changing Uri string, such as inbox, sent, draft, outbox, etc.)   // some Available Uri string for sms. /* String strUriInbox = "content://sms/inbox";//SMS_INBOX:1 String strUriFailed = "content://sms/failed";//SMS_FAILED:2 String strUriQueued = "content://sms/queued";//SMS_QUEUED:3 String strUriSent = "content://sms/sent";//SMS_SENT:4 String strUriDraft = "content://sms/draft";//SMS_DRAFT:5 String strUriOutbox = "content://sms/outbox";//SMS_OUTBOX:6 String strUriUndelivered = "content://sms/undelivered";//SMS_UNDELIVERED String strUriAll = "content://sms/all";//SMS_ALL String strUriConversations = "content://sms/conversations";//you can delete one conversation by thread_id String strUriAll = "content://sms"//you can delete one message by _id */

五、发送短信
有两种方法，一种是调用短信接口，另外一种是调用系统发送短信的功能
1、短信接口

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//直接调用短信接口发短信 SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault(); String PhoneNumber= "189XXXX3456" ; List<String> divideContents = smsManager.divideMessage(content); for (String text : divideContents) { smsManager.sendTextMessage(PhoneNumber, null , text, sentPI, deliverPI); }

2、系统功能

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String PhoneNumber= "smsto:10086" ; String messagebody= "This is the message's body!" Uri uri = Uri.parse(PhoneNumber) Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); it.putExtra( "sms_body" , messagebody); activity.startActivity(it);

应用比较方便的是第一种方法。另外针对短信的发送状态和接收状态也可以做相应处理。
返回的发送状态处理：

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String SENT_SMS_ACTION = "SENT_SMS_ACTION" ; Intent sentIntent = new Intent(SENT_SMS_ACTION); PendingIntent sentPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0 , sentIntent, 0 ); // register the Broadcast Receivers context.registerReceiver( new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context _context, Intent _intent) { switch (getResultCode()) { case Activity.RESULT_OK: Toast.makeText(context, "短信发送成功" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show(); break ; case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE: break ; case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF: break ; case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU: break ; } } }, new IntentFilter(SENT_SMS_ACTION));

返回的接收状态处理：

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String DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION = "DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION" ; // create the deilverIntent parameter Intent deliverIntent = new Intent(DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION); PendingIntent deliverPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0 , deliverIntent, 0 ); context.registerReceiver( new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context _context, Intent _intent) { Toast.makeText(context, "收信人已经成功接收" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show(); } }, new IntentFilter(DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION));

六、代码实例
该实例代码可以显示接收到的短信，也可以发送短信并显示发送的内容。
运行效果图: