windows下mysql免安装配置
1、 下载mysql免安装压缩包
下载mysql-5.6.22-winx64.zip 解压到本地D:\mysql-5.6.22-winx64
2、 修改配置文件
复制my-default.ini为my.ini 文件
3、 修改my.ini
在[mysqld] 组：
basedir = D:\\mysql-5.6.22-winx64
datadir = D:\\mysql-5.6.22-winx64\\data
port = 3306
4、 命令行安装mysql
4.1、注册服务(注意以管理员身份操作：在我的电脑中打开“C:\Windows\System32”，找到文件“cmd.exe”，右键点击，选择“以管理员身份运行(A),进到目录“D:\mysql-5.5.24-winx64”，然后运行以下代码)
bin\mysqld --install mysql-5.6.22-winx64 --defaults-file=d:\mysql-5.6.22-winx64\my.ini
4.2、 启动服务(以管理员身份运行)
net start mysql-5.6.22-winx64
--也可右键点击“我的电脑”|“管理”|“服务和应用程序”|“服务”|找到“mysql-5.5.24-winx64”，右键点开，选择启动
4.3、命令行登录（把bin目录设到path环境变量中，则可省略“bin\”，后面同理）
bin\mysql -u root -p
--密码为空回车
为root设密码(原密码为空时)：mysqladmin -u root password "1234"
修改root密码：mysqladmin -u root password oldpass "newpass"
4.4、停止服务(以管理员身份运行)
net stop mysql-5.6.22-winx64
4.5 删除服务(以管理员身份运行)
bin\mysqld --remove mysql-5.6.22-winx64
启动服务不通过注册
bin\mysqld --console
停止服务不通过注册服务
bin\mysqladmin -u root shutdown
5、常用命令
1.列出MYSQL支持的所有字符集：
SHOW CHARACTER SET;
2.当前MYSQL服务器字符集设置
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';
3.当前MYSQL服务器字符集校验设置
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
4.显示某数据库字符集设置
show create database 数据库名;
5.显示某数据表字符集设置
show create table 表名;
6.修改数据库字符集
alter database 数据库名 default character set 'utf8';
7.修改数据表字符集
alter table 表名 default character set 'utf8';
8.建库时指定字符集
create database 数据库名 character set gbk collate gbk_chinese_ci;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【知识性文章转载】
MYSQL 字符集问题
MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面：
字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。
对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次:
服务器(server)，数据库(database)，数据表(table)和连接(connection)。
1.MySQL默认字符集
MySQL对于字符集的指定可以细化到一个数据库，一张表，一列，应该用什么字符集。
但是，传统的程序在创建数据库和数据表时并没有使用那么复杂的配置，它们用的是默认的配置，那么，默认的配置从何而来呢？ (1)编译MySQL 时，指定了一个默认的字符集，这个字符集是 latin1；
(2)安装MySQL 时，可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自编译时指定的；
(3)启动mysqld 时，可以在命令行参数中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自配置文件中的配置,此时 character_set_server 被设定为这个默认的字符集；
(4)当创建一个新的数据库时，除非明确指定，这个数据库的字符集被缺省设定为character_set_server；
(5)当选定了一个数据库时，character_set_database 被设定为这个数据库默认的字符集；
(6)在这个数据库里创建一张表时，表默认的字符集被设定为 character_set_database，也就是这个数据库默认的字符集；
(7)当在表内设置一栏时，除非明确指定，否则此栏缺省的字符集就是表默认的字符集；
简单的总结一下，如果什么地方都不修改，那么所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用
latin1 存储，不过我们如果安装 MySQL，一般都会选择多语言支持，也就是说，安装程序会自动在配置文件中把
default_character_set 设置为 UTF-8，这保证了缺省情况下，所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 UTF-8 存储。
2.查看默认字符集(默认情况下，mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)
通常，查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3.修改默认字符集
(1) 最简单的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值，
如 default-character-set = utf8
character_set_server = utf8
修改完后，重启mysql的服务，service mysql restart
使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看，发现数据库编码均已改成utf8
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
(2) 还有一种修改字符集的方法，就是使用mysql的命令
mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ;
my.ini
# Example MySQL config file for very large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
default-character-set = GBK
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 384M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host = <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user = <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
#
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#binlog_format=mixed
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = C:\\mysql\\data\\
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = C:\\mysql\\data\\
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 384M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 100M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
character_set_server = GBK
basedir = D:\\mysql-5.6.22-winx64
datadir = D:\\mysql-5.6.22-winx64\\data
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
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