326. Power of Three(C++)

题目:

Given an integer, write a function to determine if it is a power of three.
给一个整数,判断它是不是3的幂数
Follow up:
Could you do it without using any loop / recursion?
不用循环或递归写出这个方法

解答:

最简单的:
用循环/注意判断0特殊值

class Solution {
public:
    bool isPowerOfThree(int n) {
    if(n==0)return false;
    while(n%3==0)n/=3;
    return n==1;
}
};

思考:不用循环或递归:如果想一下子做出来的话,可以翻转想法,不要总想着用这个数除以3(或者利用各个位子上的数求和除以三余0就是三的倍数),因为总要除好多个三,想想三的幂数的特点:往大处想,3的n次幂一定是3的k次幂的因子(k>n),而且3的k次幂只有3这一个质因子,那么判断一个数是否是三的幂数只要用一个很大的(3的k次方(k很大))数除以这个数,如果余数为零就正确。因为题目给出的n使int类型,那么只要找到大于等于int边界那个数(3^k)就好了。这个数需要测试出来(只需要写一个小程序试一试)
我的执杖测试程序:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    int n,k=1;
    cin>>n;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        k=k*3;
    }
    cout<<k;
    return 0;
}

(初始试的时候因为int边界是2^31,我就没什么根据的试了个3^20 (31*(2/3)),于是很快就锁定了19)
得到当幂数为19是临界值为1162261467。(输入20会产生溢出得到一个负值)
于是就可以欢快的写方法了:

bool isPowerOfThree(int n) {
    if(n<=0)return false;
    return 1162261467%n==0;
}

//注意小于0的情况,第一个方法可行是因为负数的话会输出-1,但这个是不会,负数是不符合条件的。

(Telephone Number Word Generator) Standard telephone keypads contain the digits 0 through 9. The numbers 2 through 9 each have three letters associated with them, as is indicated by the following table: Many people find it difficult to memorize phone numbers, so they use the correspondence between digits and letters to develop seven-letter words that correspond to their phone numbers. For example, a person whose telephone number is 686-2377 might use the correspondence indi- cated in the above table to develop the seven-letter word “NUMBERS.” Businesses frequently attempt to get telephone numbers that are easy for their clients to remember. If a business can advertise a simple word for its customers to dial, then no doubt the business will receive a few more calls. Each seven-letter word corresponds to exactly one seven-digit telephone number. The restaurant wishing to increase its take-home business could surely do so with the number 825-3688 (i.e., “TAKEOUT”). Each seven-digit phone number corresponds to many separate seven-letter words. Unfortunately, most of these represent unrecognizable juxtaposi- tions of letters. It’s possible, however, that the owner of a barber shop would be pleased to know that the shop’s telephone number, 424-7288, corresponds to “HAIRCUT.” A veterinarian with the phone number 738-2273 would be happy to know that the number corresponds to “PETCARE.” Write a C++ program that, given a seven-digit number, writes to a file every possible seven-letter word corresponding to that number. There are 2187 (3 to the seventh power) such words. Avoid phone numbers with the digits 0 and 1.
06-09
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