Java的List和Json转换以及StringRedisTemplate往redis存泛型对象

List转Json

List<User> user= new ArrayList();
String str = JSON.toJSONString(user);

Json 转List方法一

List<User> user= JSON.parseArray(json,User.class); 

 

如果是泛型方法需要使用TypeReference

Json 转List 方法二

String json = "[{}]"; 
List<user> user= JSON.parseObject(json,new TypeReference<List<User>>(){});

泛型T

Json 转List方法三

List<T> students = JSON.parseObject(listCache,new TypeReference<List<T>>(){});

 

综合例子：Springboot环境下利用StringRedisTemplate往redis存泛型对象

一开始要注入下StringRedisTemplate

@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

 Redis获取值不存在就从数据库取出来json化存缓存，存在则直接反序列化json为List 

List<T> list;
String listCache=redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
if(listCache!=null){
    list = JSON.parseObject(listCache,new TypeReference<List<T>>(){});
}
else {
    list = userService.getAllList();
    redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, JSON.toJSONString(list), 60 * 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}

附录：TypeReference源码 

package com.alibaba.fastjson;

import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.util.ParameterizedTypeImpl;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.util.TypeUtils;

/** 
 * Represents a generic type {@code T}. Java doesn't yet provide a way to
 * represent generic types, so this class does. Forces clients to create a
 * subclass of this class which enables retrieval the type information even at
 * runtime.
 *
 * <p>For example, to create a type literal for {@code List<String>}, you can
 * create an empty anonymous inner class:
 *
 * <pre>
 * TypeReference&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; list = new TypeReference&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {};
 * </pre>
 * This syntax cannot be used to create type literals that have wildcard
 * parameters, such as {@code Class<?>} or {@code List<? extends CharSequence>}.
 */
public class TypeReference<T> {
    static ConcurrentMap<Type, Type> classTypeCache
            = new ConcurrentHashMap<Type, Type>(16, 0.75f, 1);

    protected final Type type;

    /**
     * Constructs a new type literal. Derives represented class from type
     * parameter.
     *
     * <p>Clients create an empty anonymous subclass. Doing so embeds the type
     * parameter in the anonymous class's type hierarchy so we can reconstitute it
     * at runtime despite erasure.
     */
    protected TypeReference(){
        Type superClass = getClass().getGenericSuperclass();

        Type type = ((ParameterizedType) superClass).getActualTypeArguments()[0];

        Type cachedType = classTypeCache.get(type);
        if (cachedType == null) {
            classTypeCache.putIfAbsent(type, type);
            cachedType = classTypeCache.get(type);
        }

        this.type = cachedType;
    }

    /**
     * @since 1.2.9
     * @param actualTypeArguments
     */
    protected TypeReference(Type... actualTypeArguments){
        Class<?> thisClass = this.getClass();
        Type superClass = thisClass.getGenericSuperclass();

        ParameterizedType argType = (ParameterizedType) ((ParameterizedType) superClass).getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        Type rawType = argType.getRawType();
        Type[] argTypes = argType.getActualTypeArguments();

        int actualIndex = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; ++i) {
            if (argTypes[i] instanceof TypeVariable &&
                    actualIndex < actualTypeArguments.length) {
                argTypes[i] = actualTypeArguments[actualIndex++];
            }
            // fix for openjdk and android env
            if (argTypes[i] instanceof GenericArrayType) {
                argTypes[i] = TypeUtils.checkPrimitiveArray(
                        (GenericArrayType) argTypes[i]);
            }

            // 如果有多层泛型且该泛型已经注明实现的情况下，判断该泛型下一层是否还有泛型
            if(argTypes[i] instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                argTypes[i] = handlerParameterizedType((ParameterizedType) argTypes[i], actualTypeArguments, actualIndex);
            }
        }

        Type key = new ParameterizedTypeImpl(argTypes, thisClass, rawType);
        Type cachedType = classTypeCache.get(key);
        if (cachedType == null) {
            classTypeCache.putIfAbsent(key, key);
            cachedType = classTypeCache.get(key);
        }

        type = cachedType;

    }

    private Type handlerParameterizedType(ParameterizedType type, Type[] actualTypeArguments, int actualIndex) {
        Class<?> thisClass = this.getClass();
        Type rawType = type.getRawType();
        Type[] argTypes = type.getActualTypeArguments();

        for(int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; ++i) {
            if (argTypes[i] instanceof TypeVariable && actualIndex < actualTypeArguments.length) {
                argTypes[i] = actualTypeArguments[actualIndex++];
            }

            // fix for openjdk and android env
            if (argTypes[i] instanceof GenericArrayType) {
                argTypes[i] = TypeUtils.checkPrimitiveArray(
                        (GenericArrayType) argTypes[i]);
            }

            // 如果有多层泛型且该泛型已经注明实现的情况下，判断该泛型下一层是否还有泛型
            if(argTypes[i] instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                return handlerParameterizedType((ParameterizedType) argTypes[i], actualTypeArguments, actualIndex);
            }
        }

        Type key = new ParameterizedTypeImpl(argTypes, thisClass, rawType);
        return key;
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets underlying {@code Type} instance.
     */
    public Type getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public final static Type LIST_STRING = new TypeReference<List<String>>() {}.getType();
}

TypeReference的存在是因为java中子类可以获取到父类泛型的真实类型。

其中核心的方法是：getActualTypeArguments，它可以得到父类的反省类型

ParameterizedType是一个记录类型泛型的接口, 继承自Type,一共三方法:

Type[] getActualTypeArguments(); //返回泛型类型数组
Type getRawType(); //返回原始类型Type
Type getOwnerType(); //返回 Type 对象，表示此类型是其成员之一的类型。
https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/609441

Map<String, Integer> intMap = new HashMap<>();
        System.out.println("getSuperclass:" + intMap.getClass().getSuperclass());
        System.out.println("getGenericSuperclass:" + intMap.getClass().getGenericSuperclass());
        Type type = intMap.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
        if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
            ParameterizedType p = (ParameterizedType)type;
            for (Type t : p.getActualTypeArguments()) {
                System.out.println("getActualTypeArguments>>>"+t);
            }
        }

 

 

扩展阅读Java如何获得泛型类的真实类型：

package com.paopaoedu.springboot.demo;

import com.paopaoedu.springboot.bean.User;

import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

public class BaseDao<T>{

    private Class<T> clazz;

    // 使用反射技术得到T的真实类型
    public Class getRealType(){
        Class c=this.getClass();
        //getSuperclass()获得该类的父类
        System.out.println("getSuperclass        >>>"+c.getSuperclass());
        //getGenericSuperclass()获得带有泛型的父类
        System.out.println("getGenericSuperclass >>>"+c.getGenericSuperclass());
        //Type是 Java 编程语言中所有类型的公共高级接口。它们包括原始类型、参数化类型、数组类型、类型变量和基本类型。
        Type type=c.getGenericSuperclass();
        System.out.println("Type                 >>>"+type);

        //ParameterizedType参数化类型，即泛型
        // 获取当前new的对象的泛型的父类类型
        ParameterizedType pt = (ParameterizedType) this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
        // 获取第一个类型参数的真实类型
        this.clazz = (Class<T>) pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0];

        c=(Class) pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        System.out.println(c);

        return clazz;
    }

}

class userdemo extends BaseDao<User>{

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        userdemo classB = new userdemo();
        Class realType = classB.getRealType();
        System.out.println(realType.getName());
    }
}