【Python学习实践教程】10个Python经典项目实战，练手必备

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-24 11:57:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-24 11:57:57 发布

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文章标签： python 信息可视化职场和发展 pycharm 爬虫

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2201_75571291/article/details/130370364

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前言

Python 是一种面向对象、解释型、弱类型的脚本语言，它也是一种功能强大而完善的通用型语言。

相比其他编程语言（比如 Java）,Python 代码非常简单，上手非常容易。比如我们要完成某个功能，如果用 Java 需要 100 行代码，但用 Python 可能只需要 20 行代码，这是 Python 具有巨大吸引力的一大特点。

Python 的两大特色是清晰的语法和可扩展性：

Python 的语法非常清晰，它甚至不是一种格式自由的语言。例如，它要求 if 语句的下一行必须向右缩进，否则不能通过编译。
Python的可扩展性体现为它的模块，Python 具有脚本语言中最丰富和强大的类库（这些类库被形象地称为“batteries included，内置电池”），这些类库覆盖了文件 I/O、GUI、网络编程、数据库访问、文本操作等绝大部分应用场景。

此外，Python 的社区也很发达，即使一些小众的应用场景，Python 往往也有对应的开源模块来提供解决方案。

Python 作为一门解释型的语言，它天生具有跨平台的特征，只要为平台提供了相应的 Python 解释器，Python 就可以在该平台上运行。（解释型语言几乎天然是跨平台的。）

那Python这么火爆，几乎可以说是人人都要学Python，但是学是一回事，用又是另一回事了。理论终将是纸上谈兵，是骡子是马得拉出来溜溜。为了帮助大家更快的掌握Python，我给大家准备了10个Python经典项目实战，附带源码等。快来看看吧

1.Python Hello World 实例

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : helloworld.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 该实例输出 Hello World! print('Hello World!')</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

Hello World！

2.Python 数字求和

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入数字 num1 = input('输入第一个数字：')</span>
num2 <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入第二个数字：'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 求和 sum = float(num1) + float(num2) </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 显示计算结果 print('数字 {0} 和 {1} 相加结果为：{2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

输入第一个数字：1.5
输入第二个数字：2.5 数字 1.5 和 2.5
相加结果为：4.0

3.Python 平方根

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
num <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'请输入一个数字：'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> num_sqrt <span style="color:#669900">=</span> num <span style="color:#669900">**</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0.5</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">' %0.3f 的平方根为 %0.3f'</span><span style="color:#669900">%</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>num <span style="color:#999999">,</span>num_sqrt<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

$ python test.py
请输入一个数字：4
4.000 的平方根为 2.000

4.Python 二次方程执行以上代码输出结果为：

$ python test.py
输入 a: 1
输入 b: 5
输入 c: 6
结果为 (-3+0j) 和 (-2+0j)
该实例中，我们使用了 cmath (complex math) 模块的 sqrt() 方法来计算平方根。

5.Python 计算三角形的面积

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
a <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入三角形第一边长: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
b <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入三角形第二边长: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
c <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入三角形第三边长: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 计算半周长 </span>
s <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>a <span style="color:#669900">+</span> b <span style="color:#669900">+</span> c<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#669900">/</span> <span style="color:#98c379">2</span> 
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 计算面积 </span>
area <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>s<span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>s<span style="color:#669900">-</span>a<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>s<span style="color:#669900">-</span>b<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>s<span style="color:#669900">-</span>c<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#669900">**</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0.5</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'三角形面积为 %0.2f'</span> <span style="color:#669900">%</span>area<span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

$ python test.py
输入三角形第一边长: 5
输入三角形第二边长: 6
输入三角形第三边长: 7
三角形面积为 14.70

6.Python 计算圆的面积

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># 定义一个方法来计算圆的面积 </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">findArea</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>r<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span> 
    PI <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">3.142</span> 
    <span style="color:#c678dd">return</span> PI <span style="color:#669900">*</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>r<span style="color:#669900">*</span>r<span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 调用方法 </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"圆的面积为 %.6f"</span> <span style="color:#669900">%</span> findArea<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

以上实例输出结果为：

圆的面积为 78.550000

7.Python 随机数生成

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 生成 0 ~ 9 之间的随机数 </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 导入 random(随机数) 模块 </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">import</span> random 
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>random<span style="color:#999999">.</span>randint<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">9</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

4

以上实例我们使用了 random 模块的 randint() 函数来生成随机数，你每次执行后都返回不同的数字（0 到 9），该函数的语法为： random.randint(a,b)

8.Python 摄氏温度转华氏温度

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入摄氏温度 </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 接收用户输入 </span>
celsius <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入摄氏温度: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 计算华氏温度 </span>
fahrenheit <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>celsius <span style="color:#669900">*</span> <span style="color:#98c379">1.8</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#669900">+</span> <span style="color:#98c379">32</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'%0.1f 摄氏温度转为华氏温度为 %0.1f '</span> <span style="color:#669900">%</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>celsius<span style="color:#999999">,</span>fahrenheit<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

输入摄氏温度: 38 38.0
摄氏温度转为华氏温度为 100.4

以上实例中，摄氏温度转华氏温度的公式为 celsius * 1.8 = fahrenheit - 32。所以得到以下式子：

celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) / 1.8

9.Python 交换变量

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入 </span>
x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入 x 值: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入 y 值: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 创建临时变量，并交换 </span>
temp <span style="color:#669900">=</span> x 
x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> y 
y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> temp 
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'交换后 x 的值为: {}'</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#669900">format</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>x<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'交换后 y 的值为: {}'</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#669900">format</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>y<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

输入 x 值: 2
输入 y 值: 3
交换后 x 的值为: 3
交换后 y 的值为: 2

以上实例中，我们创建了临时变量 temp ，并将 x 的值存储在 temp 变量中，接着将 y 值赋给 x，最后将 temp 赋值给 y 变量。

不使用临时变量我们也可以不创建临时变量，用一个非常优雅的方式来交换变量：
x,y = y,x
所以以上实例就可以修改为：

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python">实例
<span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入</span>
x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入 x 值: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入 y 值: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 不使用临时变量 </span>
x<span style="color:#999999">,</span>y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> y<span style="color:#999999">,</span>x 
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'交换后 x 的值为: {}'</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#669900">format</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>x<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'交换后 y 的值为: {}'</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#669900">format</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>y<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

输入 x 值: 1
输入 y 值: 2
交换后 x 的值为: 2
交换后 y 的值为: 1

10.Python if 语句

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入数字 </span>
num <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"输入一个数字: "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">if</span> num <span style="color:#669900">></span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span> 
   <span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"正数"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">elif</span> num <span style="color:#669900">==</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span> 
   <span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"零"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">else</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span> 
   <span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"负数"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

输入一个数字: 3
正数

我们也可以使用内嵌 if 语句来实现：

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename ：test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 内嵌 if 语句 </span>
num <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"输入一个数字: "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">if</span> num <span style="color:#669900">>=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span> 
   <span style="color:#c678dd">if</span> num <span style="color:#669900">==</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span> 
      <span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"零"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
   <span style="color:#c678dd">else</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
      <span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"正数"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> 
<span style="color:#c678dd">else</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span> 
   <span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"负数"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>

执行以上代码输出结果为：

输入一个数字: 0
零

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【Python学习实践教程】10个Python经典项目实战，练手必备

Python 是一种面向对象、解释型、弱类型的脚本语言，它也是一种功能强大而完善的通用型语言。相比其他编程语言（比如 Java）,Python 代码非常简单，上手非常容易。比如我们要完成某个功能，如果用 Java 需要 100 行代码，但用 Python 可能只需要 20 行代码，这是 Python 具有巨大吸引力的一大特点。此外，Python 的社区也很发达，即使一些小众的应用场景，Python 往往也有对应的开源模块来提供解决方案。
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