java深拷贝和浅拷贝

一、什么是浅拷贝？

被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值，而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。即对象的浅拷贝会对“主”对象进行拷贝，但不会复制主对象里面的对象。”里面的对象“会在原来的对象和它的副本之间共享。换句话说，浅拷贝仅仅复制所考虑的对象，而不复制它所引用的对象。

public class ShallowCopy {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setName("riemann");
        teacher.setAge(28);
        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setName("edgar");
        student1.setAge(18);
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);
        Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
        System.out.println(student2.getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
        teacher.setName("jack");
        System.out.println("student1的teacher为： " + student1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println("student2的teacher为： " + student2.getTeacher().getName());
    }
}
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
class Student implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Teacher teacher;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Object object = super.clone();
        return object;
    }
}

结果分析： 两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象，但是两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是同一个对象，所以说明是浅拷贝。

二、什么是深拷贝？

深拷贝是一个整个独立的对象拷贝，深拷贝会拷贝所有的属性,并拷贝属性指向的动态分配的内存。当对象和它所引用的对象一起拷贝时即发生深拷贝。深拷贝相比于浅拷贝速度较慢并且花销较大。也就是，深拷贝把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。

public class DeepCopy {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
        teacher.setName("riemann");
        teacher.setAge(28);
        Student student1 = new Student();
        student1.setName("edgar");
        student1.setAge(18);
        student1.setTeacher(teacher);
        Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
        System.out.println(student2.getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
        teacher.setName("jack");
        System.out.println("student1的teacher为： " + student1.getTeacher().getName());
        System.out.println("student2的teacher为： " + student2.getTeacher().getName());
    }
}
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}
class Student implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Teacher teacher;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student student = (Student) super.clone();
        student.setTeacher((Teacher) student.getTeacher().clone());
        return student;
    }
}

结果分析：
两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象，两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是两个对象，但对teacher对象的修改只能影响student1对象,所以说是深拷贝。