OSPF综合实验

实验要求：

实验分析：

1、根据实验要求对172.16.0.0/16网段进行子网划分，方便之后的子网汇总，从而实现对路由条目的减少。

2、对各个设备进行IP地址的配置，及环回接口的配置。

3、对R3、R5、R6、R7设备进行MGRE环境的配置，R3为中心站点，并在这四个路由器上而配置到ISP的缺省路由，实现对边界路由器的私网互通。

4、对各个路由器进行配置OSPF协议并进行宣告，注意在宣告的时候可以汇总的路由信息可以汇总后一并宣告，让其各个路由器获取其他网段的路由拓扑信息，从而获取路由条目。

5、将域外路由通过重发布实现OSPF内可以互通。

6、对需要做特殊区域的区域做特殊区域的配置

7、对边界路由器配置NAT协议从而实现可以对公网的访问

实验IP地址配置：

172.16.0.0/19 --- A0

        172.16.0.0/24 --- P2P骨干

                172.16.0.0/30

                ......

        172.16.1.0/24 --- MA骨干

                172.16.1.0/29

                ......

        172.16.2.0/24

        ......

172.16.32.0/19 --- A1

        172.16.32.0/24 --- P2P骨干

                172.16.32.0/30

                ......

        172.16.33.0/24 --- MA骨干

                172.16.33.0/29

                ......

        172.16.34.0/24

        ......

172.16.64.0/19 --- A2

        172.16.64.0/24 --- P2P骨干

                172.16.64.0/30

                ......

        172.16.65.0/24 --- MA骨干

                172.16.65.0/30

                ......

        172.16.66.0/24

        ......

172.16.96.0/19 --- A3     

        172.16.96.0/24 --- P2P骨干

                172.16.96.0/30

                ......

        172.16.97.0/24 --- MA骨干

                172.16.97.0/29

                ......        

        172.16.98.0/24

        ......

172.16.128.0/19 --- A4

        172.16.128.0/24 --- P2P骨干

                172.16.128.0/30

                ......

        172.16.129.0/24 --- MA骨干

                172.16.129.0/29

                ......

        172.16.130.0/24

        ......

172.16.160.0/19 --- RIP

        172.16.160.0/20        

        172.16.176.0/20

172.16.192.0/19

172.16.224.0/19

实验过程：

因其AR4为ISP，所以先配置area0区域IP，环回和缺省路由

[R3]int Serial 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.1 24
[R3-Serial4/0/0]q
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2       #配置缺省路由
 

<Huawei>system-view 

[Huawei]sysname ISP
[ISP]int s4/0/0    
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.2 24       
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]int s3/0/0
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.2 24
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]int s4/0/1    
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.2 24
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.2 24
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 24
 
 
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.1 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
[R5-LoopBack0]q
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
 
 
[R6]int s4/0/0    
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.1 24. 
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
[R6-LoopBack0]q
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
 
 
[R7]int g0/0/0    
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.1 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
[R7-LoopBack0]q
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2

测试：

配置R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点：

[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0    
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 29    
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1    
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100    
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic  
*给R3中心开启伪广播
 
 
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 29    
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp     
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0    
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
 
 
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 29    
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp     
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100    
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
 
 
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0    
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.4 29    
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp     
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100    
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register

 配置其他路由器接口IP以及环回地址：

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 29
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0    
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24
 
 
[R2]int g0/0/0    
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 29
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.1 24
 
 
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 29
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.1 24
 
 
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 29
 
 
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 29
 
 
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 29
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.1 24
[R8-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1    
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.9 29
 
 
[R9]int g0/0/0    
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.10 29
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 29
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.1 24
 
 
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 29
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0    
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.1 24
 
 
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 29 
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.9 29 
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0    
[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.1 24
 
 
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.10 29
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.1 20
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.176.1 20

 启动OSPF协议以及R12的rip：

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1    
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
 
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2    
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
 
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
 
 
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5    
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
 
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6    
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
 
 
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7    
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255 
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
 
 
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8    
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
 
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9    
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]area 4
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
 
 
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10    
[R10-ospf-1]area 4    
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
 
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11    
[R11-ospf-1]area 2    
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 
 
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12    
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

 更改R3,R5,R6,R7的tunnel接口类型：

[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
 
 
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
 
 
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0    
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
 
 
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

在R12上重发布，使得运行OSPF的设备学习到域外路由信息：

 [R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

减少路由条目：

[R9]ospf 1    
[R9-ospf-1]area 4    
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[R9-ospf-1]undo a    
[R9-ospf-1]undo area 4    
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9    
[R9-ospf-2]area 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.168.128.0 0.0.3.255
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]ospf 1    
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9-ospf-1]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

路由汇总（区域间和区域内）以及配置空接口放环：

[R3]ospf 1    
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
 
 
[R6]ospf 1    
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
 
 
[R7]ospf 1    
[R7-ospf-1]area 3    
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
 
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
 
 
[R12]ospf 1    
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

做特殊区域减少路由条目：

[R1]ospf 1    
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
 
 
[R2]ospf 1    
[R2-ospf-1]area 1    
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 
 
 
[R3]ospf 1     
[R3-ospf-1]area 1    
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 
 
[R6]ospf 1    
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 
 
[R7]ospf 1    
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
 
 
[R8]ospf 1    
[R8-ospf-1]area 3    
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
 
 
[R9]ospf 1    
[R9-ospf-1]area 3    
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
 
 
[R11]ospf 1    
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
 
 
[R12]ospf 1    
[R12-ospf-1]area 2    
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa

配置nat，使得可以访问公网：

[R3]acl 2000    
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule  permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0    
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
 
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0    
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
 
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 
 
[R7]acl 2000    
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0    
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

进行区域认证保障更新安全：

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
 
[R2]ospf 1    
[R2-ospf-1]area 1    
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 
 
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1    
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

加快收敛，修改hello时间：

[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 
 
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0    
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 
 
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 
 
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0    
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10

测试全网可达：