Python+unittest+requests+excel实现接口自动化测试框架

• 环境：python3 + unittest + requests
• Excel管理测试用例，
• HTMLTestRunner生成测试报告
• 测试完成后邮件发送测试报告
• jsonpath方式做预期结果数据处理，后期多样化处理
• 后期扩展，CI持续集成

发送邮件效果：

项目整体结构：

common模块代码

1. class IsInstance:

3. def get_instance(self, value, check):

4. flag = None

5. if isinstance(value, str):

6. if check == value:

7. flag = True

8. else:

9. flag = False

10. elif isinstance(value, float):

11. if value - float(check) == 0:

12. flag = True

13. else:

14. flag = False

15. elif isinstance(value, int):

16. if value - int(check) == 0:

17. flag = True

18. else:

19. flag = False

20. return flag

1. # logger.py

3. import logging

4. import time

5. import os

8. class MyLogging:

10. def __init__(self):

11. timestr = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))

12. lib_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../logs'))

13. filename = lib_path + '/' + timestr + '.log' # 日志文件的地址

14. self.logger = logging.getLogger() # 定义对应的程序模块名name，默认为root

15. self.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) # 必须设置，这里如果不显示设置，默认过滤掉warning之前的所有级别的信息

17. sh = logging.StreamHandler() # 日志输出到屏幕控制台

18. sh.setLevel(logging.INFO) # 设置日志等级

20. fh = logging.FileHandler(filename=filename) # 向文件filename输出日志信息

21. fh.setLevel(logging.INFO) # 设置日志等级

23. # 设置格式对象

24. formatter = logging.Formatter(

25. "%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d]%(levelname)s - %(message)s") # 定义日志输出格式

27. # 设置handler的格式对象

28. sh.setFormatter(formatter)

29. fh.setFormatter(formatter)

31. # 将handler增加到logger中

32. self.logger.addHandler(sh)

33. self.logger.addHandler(fh)

36. if __name__ == "__main__":

37. log = MyLogging().logger

38. log.debug("debug")

39. log.info("info")

40. log.warning("warning")

41. log.error("error")

42. log.critical("critical")

1. # operate_excel.py

2. import xlrd

3. from xlrd import xldate_as_tuple

4. import openpyxl

5. import datetime

8. class ExcelData():

9. def __init__(self, file_path, sheet_name):

10. self.file_path = file_path

11. self.sheet_name = sheet_name

12. self.workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_path)

14. # 获取工作表的内容

15. self.table = self.workbook.sheet_by_name(self.sheet_name)

16. # 获取第一行内容

17. self.keys = self.table.row_values(0)

18. # 获取行数

19. self.rowNum = self.table.nrows

20. # 获取列数

21. self.colNum = self.table.ncols

23. def readExcel(self):

24. datas = []

25. for i in range(1, self.rowNum):

26. sheet_data = []

27. for j in range(self.colNum):

28. # 获取单元格类型

29. c_type = self.table.cell(i, j).ctype

30. # 获取单元格数据

31. c_cell = self.table.cell_value(i, j)

32. if c_type == 2 and c_cell % 1 == 0:

33. c_cell = int(c_cell)

34. elif c_type == 3:

35. date = datetime.datetime(*xldate_as_tuple(c_cell, 0))

36. c_cell = date.strftime('%Y/%d/%m %H:%M:%S')

37. elif c_type == 4:

38. c_cell = True if c_cell == 1 else False

39. # sheet_data[self.keys[j]] = c_cell # 字典

40. sheet_data.append(c_cell)

41. datas.append(sheet_data)

42. return datas

44. def write(self, rowNum, colNum, result):

45. workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(self.file_path)

46. table = workbook.get_sheet_by_name(self.sheet_name)

47. table = workbook.active

49. # rows = table.max_row

50. # cols = table.max_column

51. # values = ['E','X','C','E','L']

52. # for value in values:

53. # table.cell(rows + 1, 1).value = value

54. # rows = rows + 1

56. # 指定单元格中写入数据

57. table.cell(rowNum, colNum, result)

58. workbook.save(self.file_path)

61. if __name__ == '__main__':

62. file_path = "D:\python_data\接口自动化测试.xlsx"

63. sheet_name = "测试用例"

64. data = ExcelData(file_path, sheet_name)

65. datas = data.readExcel()

66. print(datas)

67. print(type(datas))

68. for i in datas:

69. print(i)

71. # data.write(2,12,"哈哈")

1. # send_email.py

2. from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

3. from email.header import Header

4. from email.mime.text import MIMEText

5. from config import read_email_config

6. import smtplib

9. def send_email(subject, mail_body, file_names=list()):

10. # 获取邮件相关信息

11. smtp_server = read_email_config.smtp_server

12. port = read_email_config.port

13. user_name = read_email_config.user_name

14. password = read_email_config.password

15. sender = read_email_config.sender

16. receiver = read_email_config.receiver

18. # 定义邮件内容

19. msg = MIMEMultipart()

20. body = MIMEText(mail_body, _subtype="html", _charset="utf-8")

21. msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")

22. msg["From"] = user_name

23. msg["To"] = receiver

24. msg.attach(body)

26. # 附件:附件名称用英文

27. for file_name in file_names:

28. att = MIMEText(open(file_name, "rb").read(), "base64", "utf-8")

29. att["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"

30. att["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment;filename='%s'" % (file_name)

31. msg.attach(att)

33. # 登录并发送邮件

34. try:

35. smtp = smtplib.SMTP()

36. smtp.connect(smtp_server)

37. smtp.login(user_name, password)

38. smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver.split(','), msg.as_string())

39. except Exception as e:

40. print(e)

41. print("邮件发送失败！")

42. else:

43. print("邮件发送成功！")

44. finally:

45. smtp.quit()

48. if __name__ == '__main__':

49. subject = "测试标题"

50. mail_body = "测试本文"

51. receiver = "780156051@qq.com,hb_zhijun@163.com" # 接收人邮件地址 用逗号分隔

52. file_names = [r'D:\PycharmProjects\AutoTest\result\2020-02-23 13_38_41report.html']

53. send_email(subject, mail_body, receiver, file_names)

1. # send_request.py

3. import requests

4. import json

7. class RunMethod:

8. # post请求

9. def do_post(self, url, data, headers=None):

10. res = None

11. if headers != None:

12. res = requests.post(url=url, json=data, headers=headers)

13. else:

14. res = requests.post(url=url, json=data)

15. return res.json()

17. # get请求

18. def do_get(self, url, data=None, headers=None):

19. res = None

20. if headers != None:

21. res = requests.get(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)

22. else:

23. res = requests.get(url=url, data=data)

24. return res.json()

26. def run_method(self, method, url, data=None, headers=None):

27. res = None

28. if method == "POST" or method == "post":

29. res = self.do_post(url, data, headers)

30. else:

31. res = self.do_get(url, data, headers)

32. return res

config模块

1. # coding:utf-8

2. # 邮件配置信息

4. [mysqlconf]

5. host = 127.0.0.1

6. port = 3306

7. user = root

8. password = root

9. db = test

10. # coding:utf-8

11. # 邮箱配置信息

12. # email_config.ini

14. [email]

15. smtp_server = smtp.qq.com

16. port = 465

17. sender = 780***51@qq.com

18. password = hrpk******baf

19. user_name = 780***51@qq.com

20. receiver = 780***51@qq.com,h***n@163.com

22. # coding:utf-8

23. from pymysql import connect, cursors

24. from pymysql.err import OperationalError

25. import os

26. import configparser

28. # read_db_config.py

30. # 读取DB配数据

31. # os.path.realpath(__file__)：返回当前文件的绝对路径

32. # os.path.dirname()： 返回（）所在目录

33. cur_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

34. configPath = os.path.join(cur_path, "db_config.ini") # 路径拼接：/config/db_config.ini

35. conf = configparser.ConfigParser()

36. conf.read(configPath, encoding="UTF-8")

38. host = conf.get("mysqlconf", "host")

39. port = conf.get("mysqlconf", "port ")

40. user = conf.get("mysqlconf", "user")

41. password = conf.get("mysqlconf", "password")

42. port = conf.get("mysqlconf", "port")

1. # coding:utf-8

2. import os

3. import configparser

4. # 读取邮件数据

5. # os.path.realpath(__file__)：返回当前文件的绝对路径

6. # os.path.dirname()： 返回（）所在目录

8. # read_email_config.py

10. cur_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) # 当前文件的所在目录

11. configPath = os.path.join(cur_path, "email_config.ini") # 路径拼接：/config/email_config.ini

12. conf = configparser.ConfigParser()

13. conf.read(configPath, encoding='UTF-8') # 读取/config/email_config.ini 的内容

15. # get(section,option) 得到section中option的值，返回为string类型

16. smtp_server = conf.get("email", "smtp_server")

17. sender = conf.get("email", "sender")

18. user_name = conf.get("email","user_name")

19. password = conf.get("email", "password")

20. receiver = conf.get("email", "receiver")

21. port = conf.get("email", "port")

testcase模块

1. # test_case.py

3. from common.operate_excel import *

4. import unittest

5. from parameterized import parameterized

6. from common.send_request import RunMethod

7. import json

8. from common.logger import MyLogging

9. import jsonpath

10. from common.is_instance import IsInstance

11. from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner

12. import os

13. import time

15. lib_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../data"))

16. file_path = lib_path + "/" + "接口自动化测试.xlsx" # excel的地址

17. sheet_name = "测试用例"

18. log = MyLogging().logger

21. def getExcelData():

22. list = ExcelData(file_path, sheet_name).readExcel()

23. return list

26. class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):

28. @parameterized.expand(getExcelData())

29. def test_api(self, rowNumber, caseRowNumber, testCaseName, priority, apiName, url, method, parmsType, data,

30. checkPoint, isRun, result):

31. if isRun == "Y" or isRun == "y":

32. log.info("【开始执行测试用例：{}】".format(testCaseName))

33. headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}

34. data = json.loads(data) # 字典对象转换为json字符串

35. c = checkPoint.split(",")

36. log.info("用例设置检查点：%s" % c)

37. print("用例设置检查点：%s" % c)

38. log.info("请求url：%s" % url)

39. log.info("请求参数：%s" % data)

40. r = RunMethod()

41. res = r.run_method(method, url, data, headers)

42. log.info("返回结果：%s" % res)

44. flag = None

45. for i in range(0, len(c)):

46. checkPoint_dict = {}

47. checkPoint_dict[c[i].split('=')[0]] = c[i].split('=')[1]

48. # jsonpath方式获取检查点对应的返回数据

49. list = jsonpath.jsonpath(res, c[i].split('=')[0])

50. value = list[0]

51. check = checkPoint_dict[c[i].split('=')[0]]

52. log.info("检查点数据{}：{},返回数据：{}".format(i + 1, check, value))

53. print("检查点数据{}：{},返回数据：{}".format(i + 1, check, value))

54. # 判断检查点数据是否与返回的数据一致

55. flag = IsInstance().get_instance(value, check)

57. if flag:

58. log.info("【测试结果：通过】")

59. ExcelData(file_path, sheet_name).write(rowNumber + 1, 12, "Pass")

60. else:

61. log.info("【测试结果：失败】")

62. ExcelData(file_path, sheet_name).write(rowNumber + 1, 12, "Fail")

64. # 断言

65. self.assertTrue(flag, msg="检查点数据与实际返回数据不一致")

66. else:

67. unittest.skip("不执行")

70. if __name__ == '__main__':

71. # unittest.main()

72. # Alt+Shift+f10 执行生成报告

74. # 报告样式1

75. suite = unittest.TestSuite()

76. suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestCase))

77. now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S')

78. report_path = r"D:\PycharmProjects\AutoTest\result\report.html"

79. with open(report_path, "wb") as f:

80. runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, title="Esearch接口测试报告", description="测试用例执行情况", verbosity=2)

81. runner.run(suite)

用例执行文件

1. import os

2. import time

3. import unittest

4. from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner

5. from common.send_email import send_email

7. # run_case.py

9. # 获取当前py文件绝对路径

10. cur_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

13. # 1: 加载测试用例

14. def all_test():

15. case_path = os.path.join(cur_path, "testcase")

16. suite = unittest.TestLoader().discover(start_dir=case_path, pattern="test_*.py", top_level_dir=None)

17. return suite

20. # 2: 执行测试用例

21. def run():

22. now = time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S")

23. # 测试报告路径

24. file_name = os.path.join(cur_path, "report") + "/" + now + "-report.html"

25. f = open(file_name, "wb")

26. runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, title="接口自动化测试报告",

27. description="环境：windows 10 浏览器：chrome",

28. tester="wangzhijun")

29. runner.run(all_test())

30. f.close()

33. # 3: 获取最新的测试报告

34. def get_report(report_path):

35. list = os.listdir(report_path)

36. list.sort(key=lambda x: os.path.getmtime(os.path.join(report_path, x)))

37. print("测试报告：", list[-1])

38. report_file = os.path.join(report_path, list[-1])

39. return report_file

42. # 4: 发送邮件

43. def send_mail(subject, report_file, file_names):

44. # 读取测试报告内容，作为邮件的正文内容

45. with open(report_file, "rb") as f:

46. mail_body = f.read()

47. send_email(subject, mail_body, file_names)

50. if __name__ == "__main__":

51. run()

52. report_path = os.path.join(cur_path, "report") # 测试报告路径

53. report_file = get_report(report_path) # 测试报告文件

54. subject = "Esearch接口测试报告" # 邮件主题

55. file_names = [report_file] # 邮件附件

56. # 发送邮件

57. send_mail(subject, report_file, file_names)

data:

report:

logs:

 

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