文件通讯
前言
很多计算机专业大学生第一个课设就是校园出入管理系统或者文件版通讯录,这些软件工程不仅可以锻炼我们的编程能力,也可以让我们更为深刻的理解C语言知识,为将来的学习打下基础。但是同学们肯定会有所疑问,下面是我的一个范例。
提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供参考
一、建立源文件与头文件
虽然我们现在所接触到的编程都很简单,但是养成良好的编程习惯必不可少,我的推荐是在刚开始时就建立三个文件,如下图所示
就像这样,在test.c文件中使用mian函数及整个工程的大纲,contact.h中引用库文件及各种预编译步骤,在contact.c中实现函数功能
二、使用步骤
1.test.c函数
代码如下(示例):
#include "contact.h"
void meau()
{
printf("****** 1.add ******\n");
printf("****** 2.del ******\n");
printf("****** 3.search ******\n");
printf("****** 4.modify ******\n");
printf("****** 5.show ******\n");
printf("****** 6.sort ******\n");
printf("****** 7.save ******\n");
printf("****** 0.exit ******\n");
}
int main()
{
int input = 0;
struct Contact con;
//初始化通讯录
InitContact(&con);
do
{
meau();
printf("请选择\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case ADD:
AddContact(&con);//增加数据
break;
case DEL:
DelContact(&con);//删除数据
break;
case SEARCH:
SearchContact(&con);//寻找数据
break;
case MODIFY:
ModifyContact(&con);//修改数据
break;
case SHOW:
ShowContact(&con);//展示数据
break;
case SORT:
SortContact(&con);//按姓名字母排序
break;
case SAVE:
SaveContact(&con);//保存数据
break;
case EXIT:
SaveContact(&con);//保存数据
DestoryContact(&con);//最后释放申请的动态内存
printf("退出通讯录\n");
break;
default:
printf("选择错误,请重新选择\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
2.contact.h头文件
代码如下(示例):
#include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<errno.h> EXIT,
#define DEFAULT_SZ 3 #define MAX_NAME 20 #define MAX_SEX 5 #define MAX_TELE 12 #define MAX_ADDR 30 enum Option { ADD, DEL, SEARCH, MODIFY, SHOW, SORT, SAVE };//枚举 struct PeoInfo { char name[MAX_NAME]; int age; char sex[MAX_SEX]; char tele[MAX_TELE]; char addr[MAX_ADDR]; };//每个人的信息 struct Contact { struct PeoInfo* data; int capacity; int size; };//程序中使用的结构体 void InitContact(struct Contact* ps); void AddContact(struct Contact* ps); void DelContact(struct Contact* ps); void SearchContact(const struct Contact* ps); void ModifyContact(struct Contact* ps); void ShowContact(const struct Contact* ps); void SortContact(struct Contact* ps); void SaveContact(struct Contact* ps); void DestoryContact(struct Contact* ps);
3.contact.c文件
代码如下(实例):
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"contact.h"
static int FindByName(const struct Contact* ps,char name[MAX_NAME])
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < ps->size; i++)
{
if (strcmp(name, ps->data[i].name) == 0)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
void Check_Capacity(struct Contact* ps)
{
if (ps->size == ps->capacity)
{
struct PeoInfo* ptr = realloc(ps->data, (ps->capacity + 2) * sizeof(struct PeoInfo));
if (ptr != NULL)
{
ps->data = ptr;
ps->capacity += 2;
printf("增容成功\n");
}
else
{
printf("增容失败\n");
}
}
}
void LoadContact(struct Contact* ps)
{
FILE* pf = fopen("Contact.txt", "rb");
struct PeoInfo tmp = { 0 };
if (pf == NULL)
{
printf("LoadContact:%s\n", strerror(errno));
return;
}
while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(struct PeoInfo), 1, pf))
{
Check_Capacity(ps);
ps->data[ps->size] = tmp;
ps->size++;
}
fclose(pf);
pf = NULL;
}
void InitContact(struct Contact* ps)
{
ps->data = (struct Contact*)malloc(DEFAULT_SZ * sizeof(struct PeoInfo));
if (ps->data == NULL)
{
return;
}
ps->size = 0;
ps->capacity = DEFAULT_SZ;
LoadContact(ps);
}
void AddContact(struct Contact* ps)
{
Check_Capacity(ps);
printf("请输入名字:>");
scanf("%s", ps->data[ps->size].name);
printf("请输入年龄:>");
scanf("%d", &ps->data[ps->size].age);
printf("请输入性别:>");
scanf("%s", ps->data[ps->size].sex);
printf("请输入电话号码:>");
scanf("%s", ps->data[ps->size].tele);
printf("请输入住址:>");
scanf("%s", ps->data[ps->size].addr);
ps->size++;
printf("添加成功\n");
}
void DelContact(struct Contact* ps)
{
char name[MAX_NAME];
printf("请输入要删除的人的名字\n");
scanf("%s", &name);
int pos = FindByName(ps, name);
if (pos == -1)
{
printf("找不到此人\n");
}
else
{
int j = 0;
for (j = pos; j < ps->size-1; j++)
{
ps->data[j] = ps->data[j + 1];
}
ps->size--;
printf("删除成功\n");
}
}
void SearchContact(const struct Contact* ps)
{
char name[MAX_NAME];
printf("输入要查找人的名字:>");
scanf("%s", &name);
int pos = FindByName(ps, name);
if (pos == -1)
{
printf("找不到此人\n");
}
else
{
printf("%-20s\t%-4s\t%-5s\t%-12s\t%-20s\n", "名字", "年龄", "性别", "电话", "住址");
printf("%-20s\t%-4d\t%-5s\t%-12s\t%-20s\n", ps->data[pos].name,
ps->data[pos].age,
ps->data[pos].sex,
ps->data[pos].tele,
ps->data[pos].addr);
}
}
void ModifyContact(struct Contact* ps)
{
char name[MAX_NAME];
printf("请输入要修改的人的名字\n");
scanf("%s", &name);
int pos = FindByName(ps, name);
if (pos == -1)
{
printf("找不到此人\n");
}
else
{
printf("请输入名字:>");
scanf("%s", ps->data[pos].name);
printf("请输入年龄:>");
scanf("%d", &ps->data[pos].age);
printf("请输入性别:>");
scanf("%s", ps->data[pos].sex);
printf("请输入电话号码:>");
scanf("%s", ps->data[pos].tele);
printf("请输入住址:>");
scanf("%s", ps->data[pos].addr);
}
}
void ShowContact(const struct Contact* ps)
{
if (ps->size == 0)
{
printf("通讯录为空\n");
}
else
{
int i = 0;
printf("%-20s\t%-4s\t%-5s\t%-12s\t%-20s\n", "名字", "年龄", "性别", "电话", "住址");
for (i = 0; i < ps->size; i++)
{
printf("%-20s\t%-4d\t%-5s\t%-12s\t%-20s\n", ps->data[i].name,
ps->data[i].age,
ps->data[i].sex,
ps->data[i].tele,
ps->data[i].addr);
}
}
}
void SortContact(struct Contact* ps)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < ps->size - 1; i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < ps->size - i - 1; j++)
{
if (strcmp(ps->data[j].name, ps->data[j + 1].name)>0)
{
struct PeoInfo tmp = ps->data[j];
ps->data[j]= ps->data[j + 1];
ps->data[j + 1] = tmp;
}
}
}
printf("排序完成\n");
}
void SaveContact(struct Contact* ps)
{
FILE* pf = fopen("Contact.txt", "wb");
if (pf == NULL)
{
printf("SaveContact:%s\n", strerror(errno));
return;
}
int i;
for (i = 0; i < ps->size; i++)
{
fwrite(&(ps->data[i]), sizeof(struct PeoInfo), 1, pf);
}
printf("保存成功\n");
fclose(pf);
pf = NULL;
}
void DestoryContact(struct Contact* ps)
{
free(ps->data);
ps->data = NULL;
总结
这就是我的分享,希望对各位有些用处。