JDBC连接数据库步骤

JDBC（java database connectivity），简称jdbc，也就是 Java 数据库连接。

JDBC作用：
是一种标准Java应用编程接口，用来连接 Java 编程语言和广泛的数据库。可以通过jdbc代码实现对数据库的操作。

具体连接步骤如下：

1.导入驱动jar包

• 在你的web-INF目录下创建一个lib包，专门放置jar包
• 将jar包复制到lib路径下

2.加载驱动

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

3.建立连接

Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//Connection是sql类的包

4.创建statement对象

Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

5.执行sql语句

ResultSet resultset= statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM dish");
//此处是将查询到的结果放在一个集合中

6.创建JSON对象和JSON数组

JSONArray jsonArr=new JSONArray();
JSONObject jsonObj=new JSONObject();

7.循环结果集

while(rs.next()){
    jsonObj.put("id",rs.getString("id"));  //以键值对的形式存放在json对象中
	jsonObj.put("name",rs.getString("name"));
	  .....
	jsonArr.add(jsonObj);
}

8.返回结果

PrintWriter out= response.getWriter(); //获取out对象
out.print(jsonArr);

9.关闭连接(从下往上依次关闭)

resultset.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();

 实例：

package response;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class News
 */
@WebServlet("/News")  //注解
public class News extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public News() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		response.setContentType("text/json;charset=UTF-8"); //设置响应类型
		PrintWriter out= response.getWriter(); //获取out对象
		//JDBC，连接数据库
		
		try {
			//1.加载驱动
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //输入自己要连接的数据库及用户名和密码
			String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost/reggie?user=&password=";
			//2.建立连接
			Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
			//3.创建statement
			Statement st=con.createStatement();
			//4.执行sql
			ResultSet rs= st.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM dish");
			//5.循环结果集
			//6.创建JSON对象和JSON数组
			JSONArray jsonArr=new JSONArray();
			JSONObject jsonObj=new JSONObject();
			while(rs.next()){
				jsonObj.put("id",rs.getString("id"));
				jsonObj.put("name",rs.getString("name"));
				jsonObj.put("price",rs.getString("price"));
				jsonObj.put("image",rs.getString("image"));
				jsonObj.put("Ctime",rs.getString("create_time"));
				jsonArr.add(jsonObj);
			}
			//7.返回结果
			out.print(jsonArr);
			//8.关闭连接
			rs.close();
			st.close();
			con.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);  //调用doget方法
	}

}