对于静态路由综合练习

一、项目要求

1.除R5环回地址固定以外，其他所有网段都基于192.168.1.0 24 进行合理的IP地址分配。

2.R1-2-4路由器上均存在两个环回，用来模拟用户网段，地址使用192.168.1.0 24划分。

3.R1-R4上不能直接写去往5.5.5.5 24 网段路由，但仍可以访问。

4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由表条目。

5.R3-R5之间，正常走1000M链路，故障走100M链路。

6.PC1和PC2使用DHCP动态获取IP地址。

大体实验环境搭建如下：

我们需要在r3进行接入一个节点如图（注：拖入节点时应该关闭设备）

 

 

二、实验分析

首先我们得知需要再192.168.1.0 24网段设置所有IP（环回，节点），所以我们第一步需要进行子网划分由图得知我们需要划分13个广播域，我们再对R1-R4进行子网汇总需要5个网段。

5个网段—子网划分
192.168.1.0 24
192.168.1.000   00000   27
192.168.1.0  27—30
192.168.1.000 000 00  30
骨干链路使用
192.168.1.0 30
192.168.1.4 30
192.168.1.8 30
192.168.1.12 30
192.168.1.16 30
192.168.1.20 30
192.168.1.24 30
192.168.1.28 30
R1上环回
192.168.1.32 27
192.168.1.001 0 0000   28
192.168.1.32 28
192.168.1.48 28
R2上环回
192.168.1.64 27
192.168.1.65 28
192.168.1.80  28
R3环回
192.168.1.96 27
192.168.1.97 28
192.168.1.113 28

然后我们进入路由器首先给路由器配置环回IP，再给各节点配置IP。从而达到全网可达的目的。

三、进行环境节点和环回IP配置

R1

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.6 30

[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-LoopBack0]int l1 
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

R2

[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack0]int l1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

[r2-LoopBack1]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30

R3

[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[r3-LoopBack0]int l1 
[r3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.5 30

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30

[r3-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30

R4

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.129 27

R5

[r5]interface LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.5 24  
[r5-LoopBack0]int l1
[r5-LoopBack1]ip address 6.6.6.6 24

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
 

四、配置静态路由

R1

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.5
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.5
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.5
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.5
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.5

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.5（访问外网）

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

R2

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0（汇总）

R3

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.6
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.13
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.13
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.6
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.6
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.13

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61（优先级选择）

R4

[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.14
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.14
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.14
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

R5

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

修改下一跳优先级从而达到选择链路的目的：

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 70

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 70

[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 70
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 70

 

五、PC1和PC2通过DHCP动态获取地址

[r4]dhcp enable 

[r4]ip pool aaa

[r4-ip-pool-aaa]network 192.168.1.128 mask 27

[r4-ip-pool-aaa]gateway-list 192.168.1.129

[r4-ip-pool-aaa]dns-list 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global