专高二 HTTP协议 day1

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已于 2023-04-24 10:06:10 修改

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文章标签： http 网络协议网络

于 2023-04-19 18:36:14 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2203_75996767/article/details/130237344

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HTTP超文本传输协议

主要特点 1支持客户/服务器模式 2简单快速 3灵活 4无连接 5无状态

GET请求 POST请求区别

（1）post请求更安全（不会作为url的一部分，不会被缓存、保存在服务器日志、以及浏览器浏览记录中，get请求的是静态资源，则会缓存，如果是数据，则不会缓存）

（2）post请求发送的数据更大（get请求有url长度限制，http协议本身不限制，请求长度限制是由浏览器和web服务器决定和设置）

（3）post请求能发送更多的数据类型（get请求只能发送ASCII字符）

（4）传参方式不同（get请求参数通过url传递，post请求放在request body中传递）

（5）get请求产生一个TCP数据包；post请求产生两个TCP数据包（get请求，浏览器会把http header和data一并发送出去，服务器响应200返回数据；post请求，浏览器先发送header，服务器响应100 continue，浏览器再发送data，服务器响应200 返回数据）

注意：在发送 POST 的时候都没有带 Expect 头，server 也自然不会发 100 continue。

post请求的过程：

（1）浏览器请求tcp连接（第一次握手）

（2）服务器答应进行tcp连接（第二次握手）

（3）浏览器确认，并发送post请求头（第三次握手，这个报文比较小，所以http会在此时进行第一次数据发送）

（4）服务器返回100 Continue响应

（5）浏览器发送数据

（6）服务器返回200 OK响应

get请求的过程：

（1）浏览器请求tcp连接（第一次握手）

（2）服务器答应进行tcp连接（第二次握手）

（3）浏览器确认，并发送get请求头和数据（第三次握手，这个报文比较小，所以http会在此时进行第一次数据发送）

（4）服务器返回200 OK响应

网络环境好的情况下，发一次包和发两次包的时间差别基本可以忽略。而在网络环境差的情况下，两次包的TCP在验证数据包完整性上，有非常大的优点。

GET请求

异步任务类

package com.bw.day1.utile;

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;

import com.bw.day1.entity.FoodEntity;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class MyTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void,String> {
    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
        return Httputile.getInstance().getString(strings[0]);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
        super.onPostExecute(s);
        FoodEntity foodEntity = new Gson().fromJson(s, FoodEntity.class);
        for (FoodEntity.DataDTO datum : foodEntity.getData()) {
            Log.i("title", "-------"+datum.getTitle());
        }

    }
}

单例

package com.bw.day1.utile;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class Httputile {
    private Httputile(){}
    private static Httputile httputile=null;
    public static Httputile getInstance(){
        if(httputile==null){
            httputile=new Httputile();
        }
        return httputile;
    }
    public String getString(String urll){
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urll);
            HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(2000);
            httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(2000);
            httpURLConnection.connect();
            if(httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
//                InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
//                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
//                StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
//                String res="";
//                while ((res = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
//                    stringBuilder.append(res);
//                }
//                return stringBuilder.toString();
                InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                int len=0;
                StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
                while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) !=-1){
                    stringBuilder.append(new String(bytes, 0, len));
                }
                return stringBuilder.toString();
            }

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

POST请求

package com.bw.day1.utile;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class Httputile {
    private Httputile(){}
    private static Httputile httputile=null;
    public static Httputile getInstance(){
        if(httputile==null){
            httputile=new Httputile();
        }
        return httputile;
    }
    
    
    //GET请求
    public String GetString(String urll){
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urll);
            HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(2000);
            httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(2000);
            httpURLConnection.connect();
            if(httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
//                InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
//                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
//                StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
//                String res="";
//                while ((res = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
//                    stringBuilder.append(res);
//                }
//                return stringBuilder.toString();
                InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                int len=0;
                StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
                while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) !=-1){
                    stringBuilder.append(new String(bytes, 0, len));
                }
                return stringBuilder.toString();
            }

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    
    
    //POST请求
    public String PostString(String urll, String params){
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urll);
            HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(2000);
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(2000);
            httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
            httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
            httpURLConnection.connect();
            OutputStream outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write(params.getBytes());
            outputStream.flush();//刷新
            if(httpURLConnection.getResponseCode()==200){
                InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
                int len=0;
                while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
                    stringBuilder.append(new String(bytes,0,len));
                }
                return stringBuilder.toString();
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

异步任务

package com.bw.day1.utile;

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;

import com.bw.day1.entity.FoodEntity;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class MyTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void,String> {
    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
        //return Httputile.getInstance().GetString(strings[0]);//get请求
        //POST请求
        String path= strings[0];
        String params= strings[1];
        String s = Httputile.getInstance().PostString(path, params);
        Log.i("title", "-------"+s);
        return s;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
        super.onPostExecute(s);
        FoodEntity foodEntity = new Gson().fromJson(s, FoodEntity.class);


    }
}

下载

public void download(String url){
        try {
            URL url1 = new URL(url);
            HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(2000);
            httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(2000);
            httpURLConnection.connect();
            if(httpURLConnection.getResponseCode()==200){
                InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
                    File file = new File("/sdcard/zt.jpg");
                    FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
                    int len =0;
                    int max=httpURLConnection.getContentLength();
                    int pos=0;
                    while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
                        fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
                        pos+=len;
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

上传

   //上传
    public void Upload(String urlpath,String filepath){
        String BOUNDARY = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String PREFIX ="--",LINE_END="\r\n";
        String CONTENT_TYPE = "multipart/form-data";


        try {
            //Post 上传服务器请求配置，特殊要求
            URL url = new URL(urlpath);
            HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
            httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
            httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
            httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", CONTENT_TYPE + ";boundary=" + BOUNDARY);
            httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(5000);
            httpURLConnection.connect();

            File file = new File(filepath);
            if(file!=null){
                OutputStream outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
                StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
                //真正的数据流发送前进行边界设置
                stringBuffer.append(PREFIX);
                stringBuffer.append(BOUNDARY);
                stringBuffer.append(LINE_END);
                stringBuffer.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\""+file.getName()+"\""+LINE_END);
                stringBuffer.append(LINE_END);
                outputStream.write(stringBuffer.toString().getBytes());
                //真正的数据流部分
                FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                int len=0;
                while ((len=fileInputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
                    outputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
                }
                fileInputStream.close();
                //真正数据流完毕需要设定结尾标记
                outputStream.write(LINE_END.getBytes());
                byte[] enddata=(PREFIX+BOUNDARY+PREFIX+LINE_END).getBytes();
                outputStream.write(enddata);
                outputStream.flush();
                if(httpURLConnection.getResponseCode()==200){

                }

            }


        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

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专高二 HTTP协议 day1

（1）post请求更安全（不会作为url的一部分，不会被缓存、保存在服务器日志、以及浏览器浏览记录中，get请求的是静态资源，则会缓存，如果是数据，则不会缓存）（2）post请求发送的数据更大（get请求有url长度限制，http协议本身不限制，请求长度限制是由浏览器和web服务器决定和设置）（3）浏览器确认，并发送get请求头和数据（第三次握手，这个报文比较小，所以http会在此时进行第一次数据发送）（3）post请求能发送更多的数据类型（get请求只能发送ASCII字符）（5）浏览器发送数据。
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