大英赛/四六级/考研英语作文语料库-CSDN博客

as is graphically/ vividly/ symbolically shown/ depicted/ illustrated/ demonstrated in the figure/ table / graph/ chart/ diagram/ histogram/ bar chart/ pie chart/ column chart/ line graph, ...

depict sth in graph detail/ at great length

the chart suggests that

years have seen the striking/major change in

at a staggering/inconceivable rate以惊人的速度

go viral快速传播

see a bump

economy has gained rapid/sharp increase over time

There's no appreciable differences between the two. There's an appreciable bump/ increase in...

显然

there's a conspicuous trend that

Apparently, evidently,

it's crystal clear that

sth is self-explanatory/self-evident

时间段描述：in the preceding years,over time, over the years, over the period,for the duration of,by then, up to now, to date, to this day, hitherto, so/by/thus far=yet, as yet, of late, as of 2005（直至2005年）,from this moment onward

描述数据趋势：

上升：raise,rise,surge,soar,skyrocket,hike, show an upward trend,growth, ascend remarkably

There's a spike in..., see a bump, on the rise

The number has swollen by 100 percent.

下降：descend,drop,fall,shrink,plunge, nosedive, lessen, on a decline

scale back/down缩小规模

居高不下：the unemployment rate has been hovering at historically high levels.

the unprecedentedly high unemployment rate is driving up crime rate.

持平稳定：maintain/remain stable at=maintain stable at

其他：rebound(回升),fluctuate,level out/off(持平，趋于平缓),reach a plateau

静态图

比较：this group accounts the largest proportion of ...（某方面）at...（百分比）across the board; Overall, sth is the largest proportion, accounting for...; The next are..., respectively; Finally comes sth, at 10 percent.

表示程度，强调：

exceedingly,slightly,marginally,markedly,notably,tremendously,considerably,drastically,dramatically,sharply,steeply, intensely, immensely,steadily,smoothly, grossly, massively, minor, major

with a vengeance

marginal, fractional, infinitesimal

很：more than adj, can't be more adj., most adj, pretty much the same way

not in the least:一点也不，丝毫不

whatsoever

by a large margin

with a sharp rise,by leaps and bounds(突飞猛进),

描述具体数据：

总计达到：amount to

大多数、少数：the overwhelming/vast majority, the minority

there's a predominance in; is predominant over

很多：a wealth of, manifold, a host of, a body of, numerous,

people in mounting numbers

最大值最小值：peak at, reach a peak of, hit a high of; hit a low of, bottom out

超过：above,over,surpass,outweigh,

大约：or so, approximately, more or less,

占比：account for a proportion of, make up about

倍数：double, triple, quadruple, quintuple, ... decuple... centuplicate

总结：in conclusion,to recap, all told

with the above analysis,we can come to/draw the conclusion that,

with due consideration of the analysis above

taking into account what has been argued

from what has been discussed so far

given all the above arguments

小作文功能句：

I'm more than pleased/delighted to inform you that；I'm most appologetic/pleased to hear that

I'm flattered to be invited

hereby据此，兹

As a student,...; On behalf of ..., I extend my warmest wishes to PRC on the occasion of the National Day.

thank you for your timely assistance

I'm writing in a bid to/ for the purpose of extending my gratitude...

hearty, sincere, cordial, earnest welcome; heartfelt thanks/apology

this meeting is intended for discussing ...

the conference is scheduled to be mounted; it is scheduled for March from 1st to 5th and is held under the theme of ,,,

hopefully, if we combine our concerted? efforts,...

May the bond between you and me grow stronger, fostering a world of peace, collaboration, and shared progress；i wish you all the best in your studies.

please contact me via email if you have any further concerns; please feel free to contact me if you have any further concerns

I would appreciate it if you reply me at your early convenience.

I'm looking forward to your favorable reply at your earliest convenience; hear from you

conjunction≠linkers：

起first of all, first off, In the first place, first and foremost, to start up, to begin with, in the first place, supposing (that), granted, truly, given (that), assuming (that), regarding that

承additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, In the second place, worse/better still(p.s.still可以修饰比较级),

递进，进一步描述specifically, concretely, namely=i.e.

换句话说：to put it another way, namely, that is to say, or rather

转（让步）nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding,regardless of, reckless of, albeit（用在句中，后接形容词）, rather, as much as=although, still

however adj.= no matter how

admittedly表达让步，后续跟的句子“话锋一转”; granted诚然

遗憾的是：regrettably, sadly；幸运的是：thankfully, hopefully

即便如此：even so; even this is not always enough

合to sum up, above all, generally speaking, by and large, in a word, in short, in brief, briefly speaking, last but not least, ultimately, (to put) in a nutshell, as a whole, all told, simply put

when all's said and done=after all

In the end, what it all boils down to is lack of money.

并列：along with/ in addition to/ coupled with/ joined by

对比：by/in comparison(with),on/to the contrary, contrarily, by contrast,in contrast (to), comparatively (speaking), while=whereas=whilst, similarly=likewise, equally, conversely（前后形成镜像对比）, on the flip side, on the positive/upright side, as opposed to

Note: on contrary类似instead，后面的内容用于否定前述；in contrast前面陈述是正确的，与后续形成对比。

It's ... that set ... apart from

类比：in the same fashion/manner, by the same token; similarly, likewise, equally

The same is true of...

假设：provided/providing that

因果关系：hence, henceforth, seeing as/that, now that, due to, owing to, in view of( the fact that), allowing for, accordingly, consequently, in that, consequently, as a result, for the sake of= for the purpose of

in consequence, as a consequence, accordingly, thus, in (the) light of, thus, thereby, thusly(adv.)

举例关系：

take/consider sth for example

as diverse as

the administration is examining, among other similar things, whether ambulances should take different routes; etc= to name but a few

the point is best illustrated with the example of; The point can be confirmed by the example of

sth is a case in point.某某是个恰当的例子; provide a case in point; No better example can be used to illustrate the theme of the picture than the story of...

Take J.K. Rowling, unemployed and with clinical depression, as example. It is under such circumstances that she began to create what later turned out (to be?) the best-selling Harry Potter series.

Thomas Edison, the world famous inventor, tried over 6000 materials before he found the most suitable one for filament.

But for the hardships, Helen Keller wouldn't have written the famous article three days to See.

限定关系

In terms of, as for, when it comes to, regarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ with regard to

不论如何：regardless of, at any rate, in any case

更不用说：needless to say, not to mention, let alone, to say nothing ot

believe it or not

据说：supposedly, allegedly, reputedly(adv.); by all accounts; it is reputed be/ have done

以防：lest

above all：最重要的是，无论如何，尤其是

顺便：incidentally, by the way, in passing

其他：and so forth, vice versa, aka,

in the sense that

某种意义上，很大程度上

in a sense, to a certain extent, up to a point, on some level, in large part, Technically speaking, loosely speaking

as such严格意义上

in the sense of sth：从、、、意义上说; in the broadest sense; in some sense

relatively speaking

介词：

aside from=apart from= but for=on top of

upon/over=on,concerning=considering=regarding=about=with regard/respect to,through=by=per,within=in,through=from...to..., from=from among?

via

alongside

apart除了 on top of

throughout自始至终all around the world=across this country

amid/amidst

with regard/ respect to

hereby（特此，兹，谨), whereby=by which

herein, therein, thereof

as for(to), when it comes to, speaking of sth.=speaking of which, in terms of = with respect to, refer to, refer to...as

as far as i know, as far as I'm concerned

副词：

respectively

largely, mostly,

increasingly

drastically

dramatically

dazzlingly,glaringly

表频率：

more often than not, invariably, every now and then, now and again, every so often, oftentimes, from time to time, at times, on occasion, occasionally, once in a while

for the time being

表述现象/热点/趋势：

sth has been an age-old topic/obsession

as is known to all, household, notoriously众所周知

grim, grave, grievous严峻the status quo

raise questions about what the future holds for the multinationals; cast a shadow on

sth abound (in)= sth is abundant in

ever-tougher

the proliferation of

(a certain problem) has reached such proportions that global efforts must be made.

the international community musts join forcest to do; make a concerted effort unite to combat environmental problem

pose threats to; looming threats/problem; the threat/prospect loomes large; sound the alarm about

a situation has arisen/ the issue arises...; concerns have arisen about

this phenonmenon has created serious concerns over the role of

the advent of sth raise questinos about

sth has recently aroused/sparked much concern/ controversy; cause grave concerns; legitimate concerns have been raised about

contested;controversial

the row over关于。。的争议

sth has arouse much chatter; sth has been the talk of; sth has set off the row

it is a hotly-debated topic/issue that; sth is at issue

hot button issue

according to

it is prevalent nationwide that

sth. has become a national obsession

at the other end of spectrum is ...

a long-running controversial dabate

the prevailing theory is that,

along with the advent of internet,

currently/latterly/lately/of late/ in late, the phenomenon has aroused wide concern; some people are in alarm that

now we're entering a new era of opportunities and challenges

the dawn of the new century

everchanging everlasting profound far-reaching impact

nowadays/in this day and age

a spell of, for (throughout) the duration of

for years to come, in the forth coming years, for the foreseeable future

as the proverb goes, the saying goes that, an old saying has it that

it goes without saying that不言而喻

表达观点/看法：fors and againsts

opinions are particularly polarized

In some quarters,后接观点=that's the argument that is being made in some quarters.

personally

hold/belive/insist/argue/in favor of

stand in favor of

people with discrepant background have divergent attitudes toward

personally, i side more with the former/latter opinion/view/take

my attitude toward the issue is favorable

fully endorse an idea（公开）支持 subscribe to

强烈反对：be up in arms over sth, vigorously oppose

sth should be condemned rather than condoned for

as far as I'm concerned=as my part, to my understanding

from my point of view/ from sb.'s vantage point/ from one's perspective

from a ... perspective; from the perspective of...

sth brings a fresh point of view to

take a wait and see attitude towards

take an anti-regulatory stance

take up radical position on the issue

看待：lets take a representative view of sth; Take a broader look at; from a practical/pragmatic standpoint

outlook

standpoint

as a matter of fact, physically, in effect, effectively, practically, virtually?

needless to say

broadly speaking, generally speaking

优缺点：frailty/ drawback/ flaw/ downside/ weakness; merit/ demerit/ dominance

有害有益：conducive detrimental to/ do harm to/ adverse/

评价评析：

every coin has two sides; a double-edged sword; pros and cons

on the upside（好消息是）see the upside of things

It is worrisome that

合理rationale, justification

is subject to groundless doubts

indefensible, untenable, groundless(vs. grounded), unfounded

措施/建议：

巩固: fortify, reinforce, strengthen, harden, build up, shore up

促进：enhance, promote,

awaken the conscience of society; stir/arouse awareness, elevate the public awareness of sth

the social fabric/ the fabric of society

学习借鉴：take a page from; draw on借鉴（经验等）

model after, follow suit

role model

使命感：sense of vocation

责任感：sense of obligation

承担责任：shoulder/ undertake/ exercise/ assume/ take up responsibility, perform duty,

accountability

sb is accountable/responsible to

obliged/obligated to do

to serve as responsible stewards of the planet

faithful performance of your duty

尽全力：do one's utmost, go to great lengths to do, exert oneself,Do ones Endeavor, Make every endeavor, Make somebody's best endeavors, make earnest effort, to the best of ones ability, spare no effort to do

致力于：commit oneself to do, dedicate/devote oneself to doing

devoted, fervent, ardent

努力勤劳: conscientious, dilligent, put forth efforts, persistent efforts, travail,

艰苦：make strenuous efforts, arduous endeavor, onerous/daunting/formidable/back-breaking/painstaking task, laborious undertaking, toil

记住，留意：bear in mind that, be mindful of, keep an eye on, beware that

重视：give primacy to, sth should be given due attention

采取措施：drastic measures should be taken; take steps/measures to

proactive; harsh measures/actions

fashion conservation measures保护环境

society as a whole should foster a positive atmosphere to promote public virtues.

it's high time that we should/ it's long past time to do/ it's imperative to/ sth is top of the agenda当务之急

there's no better way to ... than to ...是去做某事的最好方式

立法监管

regulate, monitor, oversee, supervise, superintend, scutinize

mandatory, compulsory

stringent law/legislation

relevant laws and regulations should be established and enforced

禁止：ban altogether, bar, strictly prohibit, forbid

drastic measures should be applied/ take the legislative/proactive initiative to do

can't shut our eyes to, be oblivious to视而不见turn a deaf ear to

Combine exertion and rest劳逸结合

sth goes a long way非常有效, go further vs. sth has yet a long way to go; go/get/end up nowhere; it hasn't got anywhere close to

合力pervasive efforts, joint/concerted efforts

adopt a more cooperative posture

embark on= get cracking about(on), commence doing/to do; usher in a new era/a new information age

spare some time to do抽出时间来做

may/might as well

one would be well-advised to do

apply ourselves with great ardor to the acquistion of knowledge

constitute an immense/insurmountable gulf between a and b; bridge/narrow/widen the gap/gulf between

解决问题：address/ approach/ wrestle with the problem/ grapple with/ wrangle with/tackle with/ sort sth out/ field

to crack this hard nut

宣传propogate, publicize

动员mobolize

call for=cry out for

机会与挑战

risk always coexist with opportunities in the ever-changing 21st century; go hand in hand with= concurrent with

bring our knowledge to bear on the challenges of the day：将知识应用来应对今日的挑战

sharpen ones intellect：提高某人用知识去分析问题的能力

put sth into practice, apply

sieze the odds, seize/grasp the opportunity, clutch at the opportunity; hold fast to the chance

embrace the challenge

brace yourself to meet the blow

narrow/ bridge the gap between

in pursuit of

in readiness for

moaning and groaning goes nowhere; whine

do honorable service to our country

take a tough line on

altruistic

guard against

ward off

Learning has become a lifelong process.

carve out one's niche找到属于自己的一片天地，找到适合自己的定位

reverse the damage to挽回破坏

conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity

it's not an overnight affair to solve the problem; at one stroke; once and for all

具体措施

psychological soundness/well-being/welfare心理健康

contribute to societal well-being/welfare

逻辑分析思辨

导致，由引起：give rise to, result（发生）, incur, induce, call forth, engender, generate, arise from, arise out of, bring about, breed, spawn

generate后跟tax,opportunity等；engender,cause,breed跟坏的；Induce后跟抽象名词induce drowsiness

sth is the main driving force behind; sth is the root cause of; stems from

a contributing/decisive factor to

sth owe its emergence mostly to

come in the wake of; in the wake of

sth can be ascribed/attributed to

base on the premise that

先决条件：sth is the precondition of

描述特征：sth is best characterized/marked by; feature...as...; feature...with...; It features sth.; today marks the

is a halllmark of是显著特色; sth is inherent in某种品质是所固有的

下定义，究本质：sth is, in essence/essentially,.../ at its core; not necessarily;

象征：symbolize, is representative of; shake hands as a token of friendship

表示关系：have sth/ a lot/ nothing to do with(sth can be omitted); have a bearing on; bear a(no) resemblance to; is directly bound up with; there's a definite link between; sth is linked to sth; is inseparable from; is inextricably interwined with密不可分千丝万缕

resemble像

诚然admittedly

讽刺ironically, sarcastically

分析原因

reflect /mirror/ represent/ embody/ reveal

an indication of

manifest?

conceal/ mask

sth gives a sound insight into; shed light on; a sound grasp on sth; enlightening, illuminating, informative

sth is to blame for; is responsible/liable for=is accountable for=should be held accountable to; is attributed to

the knot of the matter lies in问题的症结在于

give sb the credit for; take credit for

构成基础，作为原因：underlie, arise from

并存：go hand in hand with; concurrent with

矛盾违背：is at odds with

sth should be judged on a case to case basis; It varies on a case-by-case basis

as is true of any society 诚然truly

sth should be taken with a grain/pinch of salt

rational attitude should be paid towards mobile phones.

合理的：sensible, reasonable, justifiable

sth is unwarranted/unjustifiable

arguably

misrepresent comments/ the real intention

misleading, misrepresented, distorted

absurd, ridiculous, ludicrous

seemingly righteous, at first sight, on first hearing, plausible

it's wrong to equate sth to sth

sth is not a panacea for

what's the good of ...?又有什么好处呢？

put sth in perspective客观看待

tt's too simplistic to say that太片面

is interrelated and interdependent in this age of economic globalization, which means no matter how far away it may be geographically, no country is isolated; sth as trivial as the beating of a butterfly's wings in the amazon can influence the formation of a tornado in Texas.

thought-provoking; reevaluate

A school is a society in miniature.

mutual

overstate, exaggerate, sensatinoalize things, blow things out of proportion

立即：right away, on the fly, on the spot, right off, in a short order

常用pattern,phrase,idm.

stay ahead of the curve:保持领先地位，引领潮流

push the envelope:挑战极限

count on=bank on=rest on

stretch sb./ make sb. stretch

from within来自内心深处

in tune with与一致，与和谐

afford people the sense of belonging/fulfillment/achievement提供归属感

integrate/incorporate sth into sth将结合进；get the best of both worlds两全其美

unravel/unveil/uncover the mystery/detail of

know sth inside out了如指掌

meet/accommodate the needs of：满足需求

make it a point to：assure

gain/ gather/ lose momentum势头很猛减弱

better/worse off：更好; things go from bad to worse

exude an air of some quality：浑身散发着某种品质

He did all this as a labor of love.He didn't need any recognition for it.

get into the swing of things:努力熟悉、适应身边的事物

be at stake:处于风险

few of us have ever stopped to think about

be concerned about:对。。。高度关注，担忧；be concerned with:关心(note: be concerned about表示关注，be concerned with表示关于

have a hard time doing sth

very little, if any,...

be hard-pressed to do=find it difficult to do

outweigh; outperform sb

If we remain unready like this, disasters will ensue.

be inundated/infested/awash/saturated wit充斥着

frown on:对。。。皱眉头，表示反对

distract sb from

run contrary to背道而驰

be preoccupied with=be addicted to; be engrossed in

spin out of control

stifle creativity

be afflicted by遭受

spell disaster for

deprive sb of sth=strip sb of

sb is pootly-informed, uninformed or misinformed about

on the basis of

may well=in all probobility, likely to; there's every likelihood that ; there's little likelihood that

alike: the comic strip is fun for old and young alike. equally important

the two probobilities are equally likely.

akin/parallel to

sth is a daily occurence; in general routine of everyday living

hinge on取决于; is unhinged from reality=out of touch with reality

it's little/no wonder that

more than anything,...最关键的是；most (important) of all,...

this trend is not restricted to,but is also evident among

...may not ... otherwise.

vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet

has never cease to

it;s not exaggeration to say that; the importance cannot be overstated/overestimated overrated不知道可以不？you can't watch your accounts too carefully; we can't estimate the value of sth too much=it's impossible to overestimate the value of sth; we cannot admire his courage too much

there's no exception to; are no exception; with the possible exception of sth

it's hard to overstate the significance of再怎么样说重要性也不为过

marks a major shift in; the goalpost has been shifted towards

necessitate/ call for主语是物而非人的时候使用

quite the opposite; just the other way around; is the exact antithesis of, represent the opposite end of the spectrum

one way or another不管怎样，以某种方式

sb's stock-in-trade拿手好戏

be bent on全心投入去做某事（可好可坏）

相形见绌黯然失色：dwarf, eclipse sth, sth is eclipsed by, overshadow sth, be overshadowed by

depend on, rely on, lean on

beyond our wildest expectations

a variety of, a wide range/spectrum of, a wide array of

the whole spectrum of=the whole range of: The bill drew support from across the whole political spectrum

the bottom line is根本考虑因素是

in retrospect, looking back; with the wisdom of hindsight, i should have done

go astray误入歧途, disoriented

indiscipline, misbehavior, mischief, misconduct

方面：area, domain, sphere, arena, realm

earn you respect/reputation, earn my esteem

Inescapably, inevitably不可避免

clear-cut goal/answer/example; expressly

embrace原本为拥抱，现为热情欣然的接受：embrace conflict as a call to change；harbor怀揣; cherish the hope, nourish the dream/hope; 常把love, honor and cherish连用表示珍爱prize possession

feedback

constructive

low morale; boost morale

feasible, viable

career, calling; work ethic

zeal, cult, zest, obsession

lofty/noble cause/goal

nerve-racking精神压力大的

gratification, contentment, a sense of contentment

flawless, impeccable; flawed

seemless

lead by example以身作则

solidarity, unity

tenet

infringe on, violate, impinge on, deviate

etiquette, courtesy

hectic

stringent; vs lenient

citizens, the citizenry

short-sighted

reach/arrive at an agreement/accommodation

handy, portable

carefree

affection

an attachment to, an affinity for

bind

entrenched/ingrained根深蒂固

unprecedented, groundbreaking; for the first time ever; precede, prior to, predate

is not carved in stone并非一成不变

nostalgic, nostalgia

confused, bewildered, puzzled, confounded

mindset

teenagers, juvenile, adolescent

profound, time-honored

myopes, myopia

timeless, ever-lasting,

pay tribute to, salute, hats on

put a strain on

environmental-conscious, eco-friendly\

self-conscious刻意的，不自在

relieve/alleviate/ease one's agony/misery

well-being

indignant

chaos, chaotic

consume, deplete, use up exhaust用尽资源

precious, valuable, invaluable; vs worthless

prize possession

thrifty, frugal

make ends meet

extravagant, lavish, luxurious

stylish

costly

upscale, top-end, high-end; low-end

amass

exquisite

needy

lead a wretched existence

despise, denigrate, disparaging

artifacts, intangible, heritage, relics

irresistable, tempting, tempatation

expand one's outlook/vision/horizon

diversion, pastime, recreation, amusement

trend-setting引领潮流

rid off=get rid of

get away from the daily grind

uplifting, demoralize, demoralization, lift one's spirits, one's spirits sink

gorgeous, hideous

pretentious

mistreat

aroma, fragrance

authentic

wholesome

supplement, complement, supplant

抽象词总结：

alienate, alienation

equilibrium

posterity一般只用单数，且不加the, descendants

in pursuit of, in quest of, quest for; endeavor, commitment, undertaking

commonality共性

ambience, atmosphere

mediocre

recurring

desirable=good

abject misery, abject poverty用在表示艰难困苦的名词前面加重程度

indiscrimminate

the mainstream

stem from, derive from

expand one's outlook=broaden horizon

sth is a good vehicle/medium for手段

be geared towards针对，旨在 akin/paralell to: be intended for/to; be designed to do

is tailored to为。。。量身制定；tailor sth to/for

不同：discrepancy between/in；a far cry from截然不同大相径庭

disparity between a and b（不平等）的不同

利弊benefits and costs

failing, shortcoming, downside, drawback, flaw, defect, demerit, hazard, detriment

merit

double edged sword. Every coin has two sides.

on the plus side,...; on the minus side,...

利大于弊：advantages outweigh disadvantages, cause more harm than good

损害/有利于：be conducive to, be detrimental to; prejudice(v.); impinge on; do sb a disservice; do a lot of mischief to, exert detrimental influence on, have adverse effect on, hazardous, adverse effects=negative effects, constitutes a obstacle that hinders

fall victim of bias, fall prey to violence; take a heavy toll on

is without prejudice to没有损害

优势：even the slightest advantage gives a company a substantial edge over rivals

turn to sb.= fall back on sb.; resort to是一个意思吗？

挫折逆境adversity, setback, crunch, reversal, hardship, plight, face tremendous headwinds, blocked by obstacle, dilemma

trial考验 withstand the test of time:经受时间考验

misfortune不幸

in desperate straits

bog down by

毅力：tenacity, perseverance

决心：resolute determination; be resolved to do; set ones heart on

take the plunge深思熟虑后果断行事

decided果断

overcome, get over, triumph over, rise above, conquer the hardships

rise to the occasion

forge ahead, press forward

give way to:屈服，让步

back down

学会，理解：get hold of, get the hang of

live up to; fall short on

凭借：by virtue of; by way of; by means of

看不起：overlook, underrate, think less of

擅长：be excelled at, be versed in, be adepted in

熟悉：be well-acquainted (with)

浪费：squander substantial time on

举办：mounted

curated by策划; orchestrate

吸引：captivate, capture ones attention, appeal to, appealing, captivating, fascinating, intriguing; attracion, fascination,

认为：reckon, hold, contend, argue

锻炼：workout（体育）trial(考研）

训练：drill, under perfect discipline

利用：utilize, make the most out of, leverage, exploit, harness, lever

显著：marked, notable, pronounced

普通：commonplace

缺少：a dearth of, is void of, devoid of; a scanty supply, scanty evidence

包含：encompass entail?

充满：be pervaded with, be flowed with?

强有力：vigorous, mighty

来源：stem from

相似：akin to, parallel to

为了：in the interest of,for the sake of sth, in a bid to do, in an effort to, with the intention/aim of doing, for the purpose of, with a view to doing

根本：fundamental, cardinal, basically, utterly=downright?, ultimately, essentially, comprehensively彻底thoroughly

seek to do寻求

加强促进

intensify, augment, enhance, promote, boost, impel, spur, propel, facilitate, foster, contribute to, accelerate, expedite

缓解mitigate, alleviate, relieve

curtail削减

削弱undermine, deteriate/aggravate devastating

抑制：stifle, extinguish, dampen

刺激：stimulate

减少消除：eliminate, diminish

阻碍：set back, discourage from doing, block

培养：cultivate, nurture, foster

教化、启迪、陶冶：edification

精妙的：ingenious

无限：endless, unlimited

难以置信，不可想象：inconceivable

影响：sway

争取：bid for

in principle:理论上；大体上

at stake: 有风险，处于危险关头

简明简洁：succinct, concise

toughen up

heighten harden strengthen fasten broaden deepen worsen hasten

enrich our lives

闻名的：renowned for sth=be noted for

无处不在：prevalent, ubiquitous

家喻户晓：household

结局：upshot, outcome

再次：anew

方法：recipe, remedy解决方法

innovation lies/sits at the heart of the new computer age

先进：state of the art, cutting(leading) edge, cutting blood, top notch, high-calibre

人道humanitarianism, humanitarian aid/assistance, out of humanistic concern

well-rounded, all-round,versatile; she gets perfect grades across the board

well-grounded

revolve around

crave for/ yearn for; have a yearning/longing/craving for

aspire after; ambitious

struggle to, strive to

conscientious industry industrious, dilligent

model after, follow suit

与不一致：be at odds with, is compatible with

与一致：line up with, in accordance with, be in line with, be in keeping with, be aligned to concord?

allow for=enable; confer,render, be reduced to endow me with

is bound to; is due to

频繁经常Invariably也可用于衔接more often than not; As is often the case/ As so often is the case

易受影响：is susceptible to, subjects to=is subject to, is prone to, is inclined to, is liable to, is disposed to愿意做

get access to; is entitled to

大量：scores of, a host/body/wealth of, innumerable, plentiful, incalculable, a fraction of

The host is profuse in hospitality.

abundance

superfluous; a plethora of

make a splash/sensation, cause a stir

sth is adj. enough= enough of sth is adj.

stir sb's interest; sparkle an outburst of interest; spark his lifelong interest

set a precedent; there's no precedent for

etched in ones memory, make a lasting imprint on my mind, leave inerasable impress on, leave an inerasable impression in my mind, memorable, unforgettable, haunting

好的：

fabulous, exceptional, impressive, marvelous, top-notch, exemplary, stunning, remarkable, distinguished, outstanding, unparalleled, sterling, breathtaking, awesome, splendid, prominent, extraordinary

重要，显著，重视：

salient point, all-important, vital/defining moment, supreme moment, critical juncture,in its prime, notable feature, paramount to, of paramount/vital importance(significance), consequential, immaterial,

put/place a premium on, set considerable store, place emphasis on, place a high value on, underline the importance of, underscore, give primacy to, place sth high on the agenda

is highly regarded/valued/treasured/cherished

hold the key to

is precious to

of far-reaching import; of lasting significance; profound impact/effect

take precedence over/ everything else is secondary/ believe in the primacy of sth over sth/ is second to/ give priority to

play a pivotal/crucial role in

sth is as much as about ... as it is about ...不仅关乎。。。而且关乎

sth is part and parcel of:是最核心部分

is an essential/integral/indispensable part of; is an essential ingredient of; a key determinant of

there's no substitutes/replacements/alternatives for sth

is essential/integral to

sth can make or break sth

can't do without

this is a step forward in the struggle against

this is where good habits comes in; comes in handy

很，非常，表强调

literally, simply

vastly, infinitely

more than happy 反义：far from happy; nowhere near, not at all

most代替very：most apologetic

the sheer pleasure of working

比喻义：

a beacon of hope

a watershed for sth

ballast压舱石

lifeblood, lifeline

look for a silver lining寻找一线希望

be the cornerstone/bedrock of是、、、的基石

backbone of a country

is a gateway to

sth is a milestone/milepost in

is the cradle of

take sanctuary in：找到避风港

weather a storm; weather through a hard time

nuts and bolts, basic elements, building blocks

strike a chord with引起共鸣 strike a deep chord in my mind触动心弦

clasp my hands together, interlocking my fingers

in the spotlight/ limelight

panacea; cure-all

clench one's teeth/ fists

a flash in the pan昙花一现

a virtuous/vicious cycle

引用名句：

where there's a will, there's a way

you reap what you sow

walk the straight and narrow

ever failed, ever tried; Frustrate bravely

the devil finally comes with the bill恶有恶报

Just as Louis Pasteur once put, " Chance only favours the prepared mind."

a blessing in disguise因祸得福

活用句式

状语前置

将由副词、介词、现在分词或者动词不定式形成的小短语放到句首

typically, basically, clearly, apparently, undoubtedly=indisputably=undeniably, without doubt, by doing sth, in this manner, in general, time and time again（一次又一次）,simply put=simply stated, apart from, alongside sth, accordingly, oddly enough, in theory=theoretically=hypothetically, 对应but in practice, on the whole=overall, as a rule,fundamentally, not surprisingly

句中添加逗号

arguably表示有道理，站得住脚地对应It's arguable that

has very little sth, if any, ...

插入语

一、形容词短语作插入语

most of all=most important of all

...; worse still,...更糟的是

Strange enough, ...奇怪的是

二、介词短语作插入语

at worst最坏的情况下, to one's deep regret, to one's relief, in effect

三、不定式短语作插入语

to say the least of it至少可以这样说，to be frank/exact, needless to say, to be precise/specific, to speak frankly, to put it another way, strange to say（说来也怪），to make a long story short, to put it briefly, to be frank

四、分词短语作插入语

roughly speaking, all things considered, allowing for（考录到），judging from（从...来判断），speaking of sth, strictly speaking

五、what we call句型

what we described as, what we regard as, as we know/call it,

将表示幅度或范围的副词修饰形容词

increasingly, merely, solely, markedly, manifestly, decidedly, patently, substantially, considerably, slightly, marginally, fractionally

倒装

not only should we

under no circumstances/by no means/on no accounts

strange as it may seem

neither of these factors is the case any longer.

...（否定）, neither/nor do they believe...

Admittedly, practice makes perfect. But equally important to success in learning a foreign language is constant attention to details.

especially significant was...

even better would be...

nowhere else in usa was...

一、否定词引起倒装：never, not only, not once, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little

Never have I seen such a magnificent exhhibition.

only后跟状语置于句首：

only in this way can we

Only here were the police visible in any strength at all.

二、条件或让步状语从句倒装：if引导的条件状语从句尤其虚拟语气省略if时倒装

Had I known, I'd never have gone there.

Strange though it may seem,...

Were it not for..., i would

三、修辞中的倒装：状语或者分词和表语提到句首

At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel.

On the path to the top of a hill, there's a youngster sitting for rest; Beside the table sit a youngster

Standing beside the table was an interpreter.

强调句

it is that

it is none other than?

一、倒装或者前置

1、强调宾语

Such good students we have never seen.

Not a word did she say the whole two hours.

2、强调状语

At no time will we

never will we

3、强调表语

More serious is the problem of pollution

Very strange the thing seemed.

4、强调宾语补足语

computers make possible the fast calculation.

A scandal we call the whole matter.

二、动词前加do

三、疑问词后加on earth, in/under heaven；否定词或最高级后加On earth

四、it is that

it was myself that open the window

it is only when one is ill that he realizes

it was not until recently that scientists know much about

五、表示程度的形容词或者副词增强语气

you're the very person

who ever said so?

The pear is rotten right through.

Put it right in the middle.

This is much the best.

The sheer beauty of the nature is simply breathtaking.

比较结构

一、not so much...as...与其说不如说

he's not so much as angry as disappointed

the oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

二、not so much as...=not even，甚至不

he can't so much as spell a word.

he hadn't so much as money to eat.

三、比较级+than to do

you ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.

he had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.

四、(no) more than

1.more a than b与其说b不如说a

he is a writer than a teacher

he is less clever than diligent

2.more than

he is more than a father to her.

he more than smiled, but laughed.

he's more than kind to us.

3. more than ... can

this is more than i can bear

4.no more ... than ...意义上与not any more than一样，表示对两者都否定，与no less ... than相反

his grammar is no better than mine.

he is no more a writer than a painter; he is no less a writer than a painter

i am no more a poet than he is a scholar

补充：more of a cognitive test than an intuitive one

less of sth than of sth

否定结构

一、部分否定

all that glitters is not gold=not all that glitters is gold

both windows are not open

everybody does not believe the rumor=not everyone believes

the responsibility is not altogether mine

the situation is not necessarily so

二、全部否定

No energy can be created, and none destroyed.

never have we been daunted by difficulties

nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his mind to do it.世上无难事只怕

补充不确定：is nothing adj.=is not adj.

三、双重否定

the machine is working none the worse for its long service

it hasn't work out any the cheaper

i don't work any the less for my illness

that's nothing less than a miracle. that's nothing short of extraordinary

no task is so difficult but we can accomplish it

it's not uncommon; there's nothing unusual

补充：anything but绝不

四、形式肯定但意义否定

1. more than ... can

the beauty is more than words can describe=transcend all rhetoric/discription

don't help him more than you can help尽量不要帮他

she never does more work than she can help能不做绝对不做

2. anything but

the bridge is anything but safe

3. have yet to do仍未

4. may/might as well还不如

5. 否定意义动词

the error eludes/escapes the accountant

6. 否定意义名词

she is at a loss what to do不知所措

english literature is greek to me我对文学一无所知

7.否定意义形容词

the news is far from being true

suppy is short of requirements

holidays are few and far between

he's the last man she wants to meet最不想见到的

8. 否定意义词组

above approach无可指责

beyond compare无与伦比

out of the question不可能

五、形式否定但意义肯定

you can't be too meticulous when doing experiments

nothing but只有，只不过；nothing more than=no more than仅仅只是；no/none other than不是别的正是

虚拟语气

Had I lived in a small town, my life would have been confined to very little possiblities.

Had I ever been here, I would never have lost my mind.

Be it learning styles, culture, race, sexual orientation, or gender,all identities should be recognized and reflected in the curriculum.

2013text1she exhibits..., be it in food or in energy

without but for引导

of+抽象名词=adj

use, importance, help, value, interest, necessity, quality

is of no interest to me

被动语态

it can be argued that

it has been noted that

it's believed that

it's commonly accepted that

it's generally recognized that

改变词性：adj & noun

disappear,disappearance; improve, improvement; intend to, intention; discover,discovery; aspire to,aspiration;mature,maturity; chaotic,chaos; disaster,disastrous

comportment