名词性从句(Nominal Clauses)在英语中起着类似名词的作用,可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。这些从句通常由从属连词(如 that, whether, if)或疑问词(如 what, who, which, how, why, when, where)引导。下面详细解释四种主要的名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句 (Subject Clauses)
主语从句在句子中充当主语,通常由从属连词或疑问词引导。
1.1 由 that 引导的主语从句
- 例子:
- That he will come is certain.(他会来是确定的。)
- That she is a talented musician is obvious.(她是一位有才华的音乐家是显而易见的。)
1.2 由 whether 或 if 引导的主语从句
- 例子:
- Whether he will come is still unknown.(他是否会来还不知道。)
- If she will attend the meeting is uncertain.(她是否会参加会议还不确定。)
1.3 由疑问词引导的主语从句
- 例子:
- Who will win the game is a matter of debate.(谁会赢得比赛是一个争论的话题。)
- What she said is true.(她说的是真的。)
2. 表语从句 (Predicative Clauses)
表语从句在句子中充当表语,通常位于系动词(如 be, seem, appear, look, become)之后,由从属连词或疑问词引导。
2.1 由 that 引导的表语从句
- 例子:
- The fact is that he will not come.(事实是他不会来。)
- My belief is that she will succeed.(我相信她会成功。)
2.2 由 whether 或 if 引导的表语从句
- 例子:
- The question is whether he will come.(问题是他会来吗?)
- It seems if she will attend the meeting.(似乎她会参加会议。)
2.3 由疑问词引导的表语从句
- 例子:
- The problem is who will lead the team.(问题是誰将领导这个团队。)
- The issue is what we should do next.(问题是下一步我们应该做什么。)
3. 宾语从句 (Object Clauses)
宾语从句在句子中充当宾语,通常由从属连词或疑问词引导。
3.1 由 that 引导的宾语从句
- 例子:
- I know that he will come.(我知道他会来。)
- She believes that she will succeed.(她相信她会成功。)
3.2 由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句
- 例子:
- I wonder whether he will come.(我在想他会来吗?)
- She asked if she could join the team.(她问是否可以加入这个团队。)
3.3 由疑问词引导的宾语从句
- 例子:
- Can you tell me who will win the game?(你能告诉我谁会赢得比赛吗?)
- She asked what we should do next.(她问下一步我们应该做什么。)
4. 同位语从句 (Appositive Clauses)
同位语从句在句子中充当同位语,通常由从属连词 that 引导,解释或补充说明前面的名词。
4.1 由 that 引导的同位语从句
- 例子:
- The news that he will come is welcome.(他将来的消息令人欢迎。)
- The belief that she will succeed is widespread.(她会成功的信念很普遍。)
用法总结
- 主语从句 (Subject Clauses):在句子中充当主语。
- That he will come is certain.(他会来是确定的。)
- 表语从句 (Predicative Clauses):在句子中充当表语,位于系动词之后。
- The fact is that he will not come.(事实是他不会来。)
- 宾语从句 (Object Clauses):在句子中充当宾语。
- I know that he will come.(我知道他会来。)
- 同位语从句 (Appositive Clauses):在句子中充当同位语,解释或补充说明前面的名词。
- The news that he will come is welcome.(他将来的消息令人欢迎。)