复习题二吖

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已于 2024-01-03 22:45:14 修改

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2301_76640512/article/details/135374520

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三、数据结构

In [1]:

#列表

list_1=list(range(1,10))
list_1

Out[1]:

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

In [2]:

#切片(必考):列表对象[start;end;step]

In [3]:

list_1[4]

Out[3]:

In [4]:

list_1[5:]  #左闭右开

Out[4]:

[6, 7, 8, 9]

In [5]:

list_1[-4:]

Out[5]:

[6, 7, 8, 9]

In [6]:

list_1[:4:-1]

Out[6]:

[9, 8, 7, 6]

In [7]:

list_1[:4:1]

Out[7]:

[1, 2, 3, 4]

In [8]:

list_1[::-2]

Out[8]:

[9, 7, 5, 3, 1]

In [9]:

#P93-4.1
a_list=[4,10,12,4,9,6,3]
b_list=[12,8,5,6,7,6,10]

In [10]:

a_list

Out[10]:

[4, 10, 12, 4, 9, 6, 3]

In [11]:

b_list

Out[11]:

[12, 8, 5, 6, 7, 6, 10]

In [43]:

#(1)
c_list=[]
for i in a_list:  #遍历
    c_list.append(i)
    
for j in b_list:
    if j not in c_list:
        c_list.append(j)

d_list=[]
for k in c_list:
    if k not in d_list:
        d_list.append(k)

print(d_list)

[4, 10, 12, 9, 6, 3, 8, 5, 7]

In [13]:

d_list.sort(reverse=True)
print(d_list)

[12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3]

In [14]:

#列表推导式P94-4.4
for x in range(0,100):
    for y in range(0,100):
        for z in range(0,100):
            if (x+y+z==100 and 5*x+3*y+z/3==100):
                print('大鸡x=',x)
                print('中鸡y=',y)
                print('小鸡z=',z)
                print('\n')

大鸡x= 0
中鸡y= 25
小鸡z= 75


大鸡x= 4
中鸡y= 18
小鸡z= 78


大鸡x= 8
中鸡y= 11
小鸡z= 81


大鸡x= 12
中鸡y= 4
小鸡z= 84

列表推导式利用已有列表快速生成满足特定需求的列表。列表推导式在逻辑上相当于一个循环，只是形式更加简洁。

语法形式：[表达式 for 表达式中的变量 in 已有序列 if 过滤条件]

In [15]:

[[x,y,z]for x in range(100) for y in range(100) for z in range(100) if (x+y+z==100 and 5*x+3*y+z/3==100)]

Out[15]:

[[0, 25, 75], [4, 18, 78], [8, 11, 81], [12, 4, 84]]

In [ ]:

四、Numpy科学计算库

1、数组对象ndarray创建的常用方法：

    （1）等间隔数组：np.arrange()
    （2）等差数组：np.linspace()
    （3）等比数组：np.logspace()
    （4）0数组：np.zeros()
    （5）1数组：np.ones()
    （6）空数组：np.empty()
    （7）满数组：np.full()所有元素相同
    （8）单位矩阵：np.eye(n,m),对角线元素为1，其余为0
    （9）单位方阵：np.identity(n)

2、数组的属性（1）形状：shape （2）大小：size （3）维度：ndim （4）数据类型：dtype

In [16]:

import numpy as np

In [17]:

arr_1=np.arange(1,10)

In [18]:

arr_1

Out[18]:

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

In [19]:

arr_1.shape

Out[19]:

(9,)

In [20]:

arr_1.size

Out[20]:

In [21]:

arr_1.ndim

Out[21]:

In [22]:

arr_1.dtype #整型32位

Out[22]:

dtype('int32')

In [23]:

arr_2=np.linspace(10,20)

In [24]:

arr_2

Out[24]:

array([10.        , 10.20408163, 10.40816327, 10.6122449 , 10.81632653,
       11.02040816, 11.2244898 , 11.42857143, 11.63265306, 11.83673469,
       12.04081633, 12.24489796, 12.44897959, 12.65306122, 12.85714286,
       13.06122449, 13.26530612, 13.46938776, 13.67346939, 13.87755102,
       14.08163265, 14.28571429, 14.48979592, 14.69387755, 14.89795918,
       15.10204082, 15.30612245, 15.51020408, 15.71428571, 15.91836735,
       16.12244898, 16.32653061, 16.53061224, 16.73469388, 16.93877551,
       17.14285714, 17.34693878, 17.55102041, 17.75510204, 17.95918367,
       18.16326531, 18.36734694, 18.57142857, 18.7755102 , 18.97959184,
       19.18367347, 19.3877551 , 19.59183673, 19.79591837, 20.        ])

In [25]:

arr_3=np.zeros([4,5])

In [26]:

arr_3

Out[26]:

array([[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])

In [27]:

arr_4=np.ones([5,4])

In [28]:

arr_4

Out[28]:

array([[1., 1., 1., 1.],
       [1., 1., 1., 1.],
       [1., 1., 1., 1.],
       [1., 1., 1., 1.],
       [1., 1., 1., 1.]])

In [29]:

arr_4.shape #五行四列的元组

Out[29]:

(5, 4)

In [30]:

arr_4.size

Out[30]:

In [31]:

arr_4.ndim

Out[31]:

In [32]:

arr_4.dtype

Out[32]:

dtype('float64')

In [34]:

arr_5

Out[34]:

array([45, 87, 65, 23, 12])

In [33]:

import numpy as np
arr_5=np.array([45,87,65,23,12])
arr_6=np.zeros((arr_5.size-3)*3,dtype=np.int32)
#arr_6[::2]=arr_5
arr_6

Out[33]:

array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

In [35]:

arr_6=np.zeros(6,dtype=np.int32)  #不是整形有.

In [36]:

arr_6

Out[36]:

array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

In [ ]:

五、面向对象编程

1、类中通常包含一个特殊方法：__init__。它在创建和初始化一个新对象时被系统自动调用，初始化方法用于完成对象的初始化工作，如成员变量赋值等。
2、类中定义的每个方法都有一个名为self的参数，该参数必须是方法的第一个参数，self表示当前对象，即指向调用方法的对象。

例9.1定义一个矩形类，包含两个数据成员（属性参数）：宽度和高度；该类提供两种方法（功能函数）：求面积和周长

In [116]:

import numpy as np
#import math
#np.pi
#math.pi

In [120]:

class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self,width,height):
        self.width=width
        self.height=height
        
    def get_area(self):
        return self.width*self.height
    
    def get_perimeter(self):
        return 2*(self.width+self.height)
    
rect_1=Rectangle(3,5)


print("矩形的宽度为：",rect_1.width)
print("矩形的高度为：",rect_1.height)
print("矩形的面积为：",rect_1.get_area())
print("矩形的周长为：",rect_1.get_perimeter())

矩形的宽度为： 3
矩形的高度为： 5
矩形的面积为： 15
矩形的周长为： 16

In [ ]:

六、文件操作

1、写（w）是指从头开始写，覆盖原有内容；附加（a+）是从文件末尾开始写，保留原有内容。
2、“r+”:写多少覆盖多少，未覆盖部分保留；“w+”：覆盖所有内容，最终为当前写的内容。

In [40]:

with open('../R&Q_pic/test.txt','a+',encoding='utf-8') as fw:
    for i in range(50):
        fw.write('202209437费佳仪')
        
with open('../R&Q_pic/test.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as fr:
    for line in fr:
        print(line)

202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪202209437费佳仪

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continue 与 break的区别：continue 终止小循环继续大循环，break 终止大循环结束程序

In [41]:

random随机库

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[41], line 1
----> 1 random随机库

NameError: name 'random随机库' is not defined

In [ ]:

#p93 4.2

In [52]:

a_list=[4,6,8,6,4,2,6,6,5,7,4,2,1,7,6,7,4]

In [56]:

print('元素4在列表出现'+str(a_list.count(4))+'次')
print('元素6在列表出现'+str(a_list.count(6))+'次')
print('元素8在列表出现'+str(a_list.count(8))+'次')
print('元素2在列表出现'+str(a_list.count(2))+'次')
print('元素5在列表出现'+str(a_list.count(5))+'次')
print('元素7在列表出现'+str(a_list.count(7))+'次')
print('元素1在列表出现'+str(a_list.count(1))+'次')

元素4在列表出现4次
元素6在列表出现5次
元素8在列表出现1次
元素2在列表出现2次
元素5在列表出现1次
元素7在列表出现3次
元素1在列表出现1次

In [ ]:

#p94 4.5

In [86]:

a_list=[4,8,7,8,6,3]

In [89]:

b_list=[]
for i in a_list:
    if str(i) not in b_list:
        b_list.append(str(i))
print("".join(b_list))

In [76]:

#p248 11.7

In [91]:

import numpy as np
arr_1=np.arange(1,11)
arr_2=np.zeros(shape=37,dtype=np.int32)
arr_2[::4]=arr_1
arr_2

Out[91]:

array([ 1,  0,  0,  0,  2,  0,  0,  0,  3,  0,  0,  0,  4,  0,  0,  0,  5,
        0,  0,  0,  6,  0,  0,  0,  7,  0,  0,  0,  8,  0,  0,  0,  9,  0,
        0,  0, 10])

In [ ]:

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复习题二吖

In [1]:#列表list_1=list(range(1,10))list_1Out[1]:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]In [2]:#切片(必考):列表对象[start;end;step]In [3]:list_1[4]Out[3]:5In [4]:list_1[5:] #左闭右开Out[4]:[6, 7, 8, 9]In [5]:list_1[-4:]Out[5]:[6, 7, 8, 9]In [6]:
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