Mysql高级SQL语句

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 17:06:50 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 17:06:50 发布
阅读量2.8k 收藏 27
点赞数 9
文章标签： mysql sql 数学建模
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2301_76858832/article/details/131345392
版权

一.实验前准备

1.location表格创建

use class;
create table location (Region char(20),store_name char(20));
insert into location values('East','Boston');
insert into location values('East','New York');
insert into location values('West','Los Angeles');
insert into location values('West','Houston');

2.store_info表格创建

create table store_info (store_name char(20),sales int(10),Date char(10));
insert into store_info values('Los Angeles','1500','2020-12-05');
insert into store_info values('Houston','250','2020-12-07');
insert into store_info values('Los Angeles','300','2020-12-08');
insert into store_info values('Boston','700','2020-12-08');

二.常用查询

1. select（显示查询）

  • 显示表格中一个或数个字段的所有数据记录
select "字段" from "表名";
例:select store_name from store_info;

例:mysql> select store_name from store_info;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Los Angeles |
| Boston      |
+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2. distinct（不重复查询）

select distinct "字段" from "表名";
例:select distinct store_name from store_info;

例:mysql> select distinct store_name from store_info;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Boston      |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3. where（有条件查询）

select distinct store_name "字段" from "表名";
例:select distinct store_name from store_info;

例:mysql> select distinct store_name from store_info;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Boston      |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. and/or（且/或）

select "字段" from "表名" where "条件1" {[and|or] "条件2"} + ;
例:select store_name from store_info where sales > 1000 or ( sales < 500and sales > 200 );

例:mysql> select store_name from store_info where sales > 1000;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Los Angeles |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5. in （显示已知值的字段）

  • 在已知的字段数据取值范围内取值
select "字段" from "表名" where "字段" in ('值1', '值2', ...);
例:select * from store_info where store_name in ('Los Angeles', 'Houston');

例:mysql> select * from store_info where store_name in ('Los Angeles','Hoston');
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Store_Name  | Sales | Date       |
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Los Angeles |  1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| Los Angeles |   300 | 2020-12-08 |
+-------------+-------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6. between（显示两个值范围内的字段）

  • 在两个字段数据值之间取值，包含两边字段的数据
select "字段" from "表名" where "字段"  between '值1' and '值2';
例:select * from store_info where Date between '2020-12-06' and '2020-12-10';

例:mysql> select * from store_info where date between '2020-12-06'
and '2020-12-10';
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Store_Name  | Sales | Date       |
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Houston     |   250 | 2020-12-07 |
| Los Angeles |   300 | 2020-12-08 |
| Boston      |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
+-------------+-------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7. 通配符的使用

  • 通常通配符都是与like配合使用的
  • % ：百分号表示零个、一个或多个字符
  • _ ：下划线表示单个字符
名称作用举例
‘A_Z’所有以 ‘A’ 起头，另一个任何值的字符，且以 ‘Z’ 为结尾的字符串‘ABZ’ 和 'A2Z’符合而 ‘AKKZ’ 不符合
‘ABC%’所有以 ‘ABC’ 起头的字符串‘ABCD’ 和 ‘ABCABC’
‘%XYZ’所有以 ‘XYZ’ 结尾的字符串‘WXYZ’ 和 ‘ZZXYZ’
‘%AN%’所有含有 'AN’这个模式的字符串‘LOS ANGELES’ 和 ‘SAN FRANCISCO’
‘_AN%’所有第二个字母为 ‘A’ 和第三个字母为 ‘N’ 的字符串‘SAN FRANCISCO’ 符合而 ‘LOS ANGELES’ 不符合

8. like （匹配关键字查询）

select "字段" from "表名" where "字段" like {模式};
例:select * from store_info where store_name like ‘%os%’;

例:mysql> select * from store_info where store_name like '%os%';
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Store_Name  | Sales | Date       |
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Los Angeles |  1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| Los Angeles |   300 | 2020-12-08 |
| Boston      |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
+-------------+-------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9. order by (按关键字排序)

select "字段" from "表名" [where “条件”] order by "字段" [ASC, DESC];   #ASC默认按照升序排序的；DESC是按降序排序的
例:select store_name,sales,Date from store_info order by sales DESC;

例:mysql> select store_name,sales,date from store_info order by sales DESC;
+-------------+-------+------------+
| store_name  | sales | date       |
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Los Angeles |  1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| Boston      |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
| Los Angeles |   300 | 2020-12-08 |
| Houston     |   250 | 2020-12-07 |
+-------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

三.常用函数

1. 数学函数

关键字含义
abs(x)返回 x 的绝对值
rand()返回 0 到 1 的随机数
mod(x,y)返回 x 除以 y 以后的余数
power(x,y)返回 x 的 y 次方
round(x)返回离 x 最近的整数
round(x,y)保留 x 的 y 位小数四舍五入后的值
sqrt(x)返回 x 的平方根
truncate(x,y)返回数字 x 截断为 y 位小数的值
ceil(x)返回大于或等于 x 的最小整数
floor(x)返回小于或等于 x 的最大整数
greatest(x1,x2...)返回集合中最大的值，也可以返回多个字段的最大的值
least(x1,x2…)返回集合中最小的值，也可以返回多个字段的最小的值
  • 例1
select abs(-1), rand(), mod(5,3), power(2,3), round(1.89);

例:mysql> select abs(-1), rand(), mod(5,3), power(2,3), round(1.89);
+---------+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
| abs(-1) | rand()              | mod(5,3) | power(2,3) | round(1.89) |
+---------+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
|       1 | 0.04296933304795002 |        2 |          8 |           2 |
+---------+---------------------+----------+------------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 例2
select round(1.8937,3), truncate(1.235,2), ceil(5.2), floor(2.1), least(1.89,3,6.1,2.1);

例:mysql> select round(1.8937,3), truncate(1.235,2), ceil(5.2), floor(2.1),least(1.89,3,6.1,2.1);
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------+------------+-----------------------+
| round(1.8937,3) | truncate(1.235,2) | ceil(5.2) | floor(2.1) | least(1.89,3,6.1,2.1) |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------+------------+-----------------------+
|           1.894 |              1.23 |         6 |          2 |                  1.89 |
+-----------------+-------------------+-----------+------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2. 聚合函数

关键字含义
avg()返回指定列的平均值
count()返回指定列中非 NULL 值的个数
min()返回指定列的最小值
max()返回指定列的最大值
sum(x)返回指定列的所有值之和
  • 求平均值
select avg(sales) from store_info;

例:mysql> select avg(sales) from store_info;
+------------+
| avg(sales) |
+------------+
|   687.5000 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 求表中城市数量
select count(store_name) from store_info;

例:mysql> select count(store_name) from store_info;
+-------------------+
| count(store_name) |
+-------------------+
|                 4 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 统计数量，进行去重
select count(distinct store_name) from store_info;

例:mysql> select count(distinct store_name) from store_info;
+----------------------------+
| count(distinct store_name) |
+----------------------------+
|                          3 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 统计字段中最大值
select max(sales) from store_info;

例:mysql> select max(sales) from store_info;
+------------+
| max(sales) |
+------------+
|       1500 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 统计字段中最小值
select min(sales) from store_info;

例:mysql> select min(sales) from store_info;
+------------+
| min(sales) |
+------------+
|        250 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 统计字段中的总和
select sum(sales) from store_info;

例:mysql> select sum(sales) from store_info;
+------------+
| sum(sales) |
+------------+
|       2750 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3. 字符串函数

关键字含义
trim()返回去除指定格式的值
concat(x,y)将提供的参数 x 和 y 拼接成一个字符串
substr(x,y)获取从字符串 x 中的第 y 个位置开始的字符串，跟substring()函数作用相同
substr(x,y,z)获取从字符串 x 中的第 y 个位置开始长度为 z 的字符串
length(x)返回字符串 x 的长度
replace(x,y,z)将字符串 z 替代字符串 x 中的字符串 y
upper(x)将字符串 x 的所有字母变成大写字母
lower(x)将字符串 x 的所有字母变成小写字母
left(x,y)返回字符串 x 的前 y 个字符
right(x,y)返回字符串 x 的后 y 个字符
repeat(x,y)将字符串 x 重复 y 次
``space(x)`返回 x 个空格
strcmp(x,y)比较 x 和 y，返回的值可以为-1,0,1
reverse(x)将字符串 x 反转

  • 字段拼接

    • 示例1 
    select concat(Region, store_name) from localtion where store_name = 'Boston';

    例:mysql> select concat(Region, store_name) from location where store_name = 'Boston';
+----------------------------+
| concat(Region, store_name) |
+----------------------------+
| EastBoston                 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
    • 示例2 
    select Region || ' ' || store_name from localtion where store_name = 'Boston';

    例:mysql> select Region || ' ' || store_name from location where store_name = 'Boston';
+-----------------------------+
| Region || ' ' || store_name |
+-----------------------------+
| East Boston                 |
+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    • 示例3
    select substr(store_name,3) from location where store_name = 'Los Angeles';

    例:mysql> select substr(store_name,3) from location where store_name = 'Los Angeles';
+----------------------+
| substr(store_name,3) |
+----------------------+
| s Angeles            |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    • 示例4 
    select substr(store_name,2,4) from location where store_name = 'New York';

    例:mysql> select substr(store_name,2,4) from location where store_name = 'New York';
+------------------------+
| substr(store_name,2,4) |
+------------------------+
| ew Y                   |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

  • 字段移除

    • 示例1 
    select trim ([ [位置] [要移除的字符串] from ] 字符串);
例：select trim(leading 'Ne ' from 'New York');

    例:mysql> select TRIM(LEADinG 'Ne' from 'New York');
+------------------------------------+
| TRIM(LEADinG 'Ne' from 'New York') |
+------------------------------------+
| w York                             |
+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    • 示例2 
    select Region,length(store_name) from location;

    例:mysql> select Region,length(store_name) from location;
+--------+--------------------+
| Region | length(store_name) |
+--------+--------------------+
| East   |                  6 |
| East   |                  8 |
| West   |                 11 |
| West   |                  7 |
+--------+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    • 示例3
    select REPLACE(Region,'ast','astern')from location;

    例:mysql> select REPLACE(Region,'ast','astern')from location;
+--------------------------------+
| REPLACE(Region,'ast','astern') |
+--------------------------------+
| Eastern                        |
| Eastern                        |
| West                           |
| West                           |
+--------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

四.查询与函数

1. GROUP by（汇总分组）

  • 对GROUP by后面的栏位的查询结果进行汇总分组，通常是结合聚合函数一起使用的
  • GROUP by有一个原则，就是 select 后面的所有列中，没有使用聚合函数的列，必须出现在GROUP by后面
select "字段1", SUM("字段2") from "表名" GROUP by "字段1";
例：select store_name,sum(sales) from store_info group by store_name order by sales desc;

例:mysql> select store_name, SUM(sales) from store_info GROUP by store_name order by sales desc;
+-------------+------------+
| store_name  | SUM(sales) |
+-------------+------------+
| Los Angeles |       1800 |
| Boston      |        700 |
| Houston     |        250 |
+-------------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2. HAVinG （过滤返回值）

  • 用来过滤由 GROUP by 语句返回的记录集，通常与 GROUP by 语句联合使用
  • HAVinG 语句的存在弥补了 where 关键字不能与聚合函数联合使用的不足
select "字段1", SUM("字段2") from "表格名" GROUP by "字段1" HAVinG (函数条件);
例：select store_name, SUM(sales) from store_info group up store_name having SUM(sales) > 1500;

例:mysql> select store_name, SUM(sales) from store_info GROUP by store_name HAVinG SUM(sales) > 1500;
+-------------+------------+
| store_name  | SUM(sales) |
+-------------+------------+
| Los Angeles |       1800 |
+-------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3. 别名（字段别名 表格别名）

select "表格別名"."字段1" [AS] "字段別名" from "表格名" [AS] "表格別名";
例：select A.store_name Store, SUM(A.sales) "Total sales" from store_info A group by A.store_name;

例:mysql> select A.store_name store, SUM(A.sales) "Total sales" from store_info A GROUP by A.store_name;
+-------------+-------------+
| store       | Total sales |
+-------------+-------------+
| Boston      |         700 |
| Houston     |         250 |
| Los Angeles |        1800 |
+-------------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 子查询

  • 连接表格，在where 子句或 HAVinG 子句中插入另一个 SQL 语句
select "字段1" from "表格1" where "字段2" [比较运算符] 	#外查询
(select "字段1" from "表格2" where "条件");      #内查询
  • 查询两个表交集的城市
select * from location where store_name in (select store_name from store_info);

例:mysql> select * from location where store_name in (select store_name from store_info);
+--------+-------------+
| Region | Store_Name  |
+--------+-------------+
| West   | Los Angeles |
| West   | Houston     |
| East   | Boston      |
+--------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查询在location表中西部城市的销售总和
select sum(sales) from store_info where store_name in (select store_name from location where region = 'West');

例:mysql> select SUM(sales) from store_info where store_name in 
    -> (select store_name from location where Region = 'West');
+------------+
| SUM(sales) |
+------------+
|       2050 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 通过多表查询，查询两个表中有交集的值
select sum(A.sales) from store_info A where A.store_name in 
(select store_name from location B where B.store_name = A.store_name);

例:mysql> select SUM(A.sales) from store_info A where A.store_name in 
    -> (select store_name from location B where B.store_name = A.store_name);
+--------------+
| SUM(A.sales) |
+--------------+
|         2750 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5. EXISTS（类查询）

  • 用来测试内查询有没有产生任何结果，类似布尔值是否为真
  • 如果有的话，系统就会执行外查询中的SQL语句。若是没有的话，那整个 SQL 语句就不会产生任何结果
select "字段1" from "表格1" where EXISTS (select * from "表格2" where "条件");
例：select SUM(sales) from store_info where exists (select * from location where Region = 'West');

例：mysql> select SUM(sales) from store_info where EXISTS (select * from location where Region = 'West');
+------------+
| SUM(sales) |
+------------+
|       2750 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

五.连接查询

1.inner join(内连接)

  • 只返回两个表中联结字段相等的行

  • 示例一

select * from location A inner join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name ;

例：mysql> select * from location A inner join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name ;
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
| Region | Store_Name  | Store_Name  | Sales | Date       |
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
| West   | Los Angeles | Los Angeles |  1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| West   | Houston     | Houston     |   250 | 2020-12-07 |
| East   | Boston      | Boston      |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 示例二
select * from location A, store_info B where A.store_name = B.store_name;

例：mysql> select * from location A, store_info B where A.store_name = B.store_name;
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
| Region | Store_Name  | Store_Name  | Sales | Date       |
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
| West   | Los Angeles | Los Angeles |  1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| West   | Houston     | Houston     |   250 | 2020-12-07 |
| East   | Boston      | Boston      |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 示例三
select A.region region, sum(B.sales) sales from location A, store_info B 
where A.store_name = B.store_name group by region;

例：mysql> select A.region region, sum(B.sales) sales from location A, store_info B 
    -> where A.store_name = B.store_name group by region;
+--------+-------+
| region | sales |
+--------+-------+
| East   |   700 |
| West   |  1750 |
+--------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.left join(左连接)

  • 返回包括左表中的所有记录和右表中联结字段相等的记录
select * from location A left join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name ;

例：mysql> select * from location A left join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name ;
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
| Region | Store_Name  | Store_Name  | Sales | Date       |
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
| West   | Los Angeles | Los Angeles |  1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| West   | Houston     | Houston     |   250 | 2020-12-07 |
| East   | Boston      | Boston      |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
| East   | New York    | NULL        |  NULL | NULL       |
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.right join(右连接)

  • 返回包括右表中的所有记录和左表中联结字段相等的记录
select * from location A right join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name ;

例：mysql> select * from location A right join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name ;
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
| Region | Store_Name  | Store_Name  | Sales | Date       |
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
| East   | Boston      | Boston      |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
| West   | Los Angeles | Los Angeles |  1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| West   | Houston     | Houston     |   250 | 2020-12-07 |
| NULL   | NULL        | Washington  |   300 | 2020-12-08 |
+--------+-------------+-------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.create view （视图虚拟表或存储查询）

  • 视图跟表格的不同是，表格中有实际储存数据记录，而视图是建立在表格之上的一个架构，它本身并不实际储存数据记录
  • 临时表在用户退出或同数据库的连接断开后就自动消失了，而视图不会消失
  • 视图不含有数据，只存储它的定义，它的用途一般可以简化复杂的查询。比如你要对几个表进行连接查询，而且还要进行统计排序等操作，写SQL语句会很麻烦的，用视图将几个表联结起来，然后对这个视图进行查询操作，就和对一个表查询一样，很方便
create view "视图表名" as "select 语句";
例：create view V_region_sales as select A.region region,sum(B.sales) sales from location A inner join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name group by region;
select * from V_region_sales;
drop view V_region_sales;

例：mysql> create view V_region_sales as select A.region region,sum(B.sales)sales from location A
    -> inner join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name group by region;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from V_region_sales;
+--------+-------+
| region | sales |
+--------+-------+
| East   |   700 |
| West   |  1750 |
+--------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop view V_region_sales;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

5.union（联集）

  • 将两个SQL语句的结果合并起来，两个SQL语句所产生的字段需要是同样的数据记录种类
  • 生成结果的数据记录值将没有重复，且按照字段的顺序进行排序

① union 用法

[select 语句 1] union [select 语句 2];
select store_name from location union select store_name from store_info;

例：mysql> select store_name from location union select store_name from store_info;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Boston      |
| New York    |
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Washington  |
+-------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

② union all 用法

[select 语句 1] union all [select 语句 2];
select store_name from location union all select store_name from store_info;

例：mysql> select store_name from location union all select store_name from store_info;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Boston      |
| New York    |
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Washington  |
| Boston      |
+-------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6.交集值

  • 取两个SQL语句结果的交集
select A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name;

例：mysql> select A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B on A.store_name = B.store_name;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Boston      |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

select A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B using(store_name);

例：mysql> select A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B using(store_name);
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Boston      |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 取两个SQL语句结果的交集，且没有重复
select DISTINCT A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B using(store_name);

select DISTINCT store_name from location where (store_name) IN (select store_name from store_info);

select DISTINCT A.store_name from location A left join store_info B using(store_name) where B.store_name IS NOT NULL;

select A.store_name from (select B.store_name from location B inner join store_info C on B.store_name = C.store_name) A 
group by A.store_name;


例：mysql> select distinct A.store_name from location A inner join store_info B using(store_name);
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Boston      |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select distinct store_name from location where (store_name) in (select store_name from store_info);
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
| Boston      |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select distinct A.store_name from location A left join store_info B using(store_name)where B.store_name is not null;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Boston      |
| Los Angeles |
| Houston     |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select A.store_name from (select B.store_name from location B inner join store_info C on B.store_name = C.store_name)A
    -> group by A.store_name;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Boston      |
| Houston     |
| Los Angeles |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select A.store_name from 
    -> (select distinct store_name from location union all select distinct store_name from store_info)A
    -> group by A.store_name having count(*) > 1;
+-------------+
| store_name  |
+-------------+
| Boston      |
| Houston     |
| Los Angeles |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

7.无交集值

  • 显示第一个SQL语句的结果，且与第二个SQL语句没有交集的结果，且没有重复
select DISTINCT store_name from location where (store_name) NOT IN (select store_name from store_info);

例：mysql> select distinct store_name from location where (store_name) not in (select store_name from store_info);
+------------+
| store_name |
+------------+
| New York   |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

select DISTINCT A.store_name from location A left join store_info B using(store_name) where B.store_name IS NULL;

例：mysql> select distinct A.store_name from location A left join store_info B using(store_name) where B.store_name is null;
+------------+
| store_name |
+------------+
| New York   |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

select A.store_name from 
(select DISTINCT store_name from location union all select DISTINCT store_name from store_info) A 
group by A.store_name HAVING COUNT(*) = 1;

例：mysql> select A.store_name from 
    -> (select distinct store_name from location union all select distinct store_name from store_info)A
    -> group by A.store_name having count(*) = 1;
+------------+
| store_name |
+------------+
| New York   |
| Washington |
+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.Case

  • 是 SQL 用来做为 if-then-ELSE 之类逻辑的关键字
select Case ("字段名")
  when "条件1" then "结果1"     # "条件" 可以是一个数值或是公式。 ELSE 子句则并不是必须的。
  when "条件2" then "结果2"
  ...
  [ELSE "结果N"]
  end
from "表名";
例：select store_name, Case store_name 
  when 'Los Angeles' then sales * 2 
  when 'Boston' then 2000
  ELSE sales 
  end 
"New sales",Date    #"New sales" 是用于 Case 那个字段的字段名。
from store_info;

例：mysql> select store_name, Case store_name 
    ->   WHEN 'Los Angeles' THEN sales * 2 
    ->   WHEN 'Boston' THEN 2000
    ->   ELSE sales 
    ->   END 
    -> "New sales",Date 
    -> from store_info;
+-------------+-----------+------------+
| store_name  | New sales | Date       |
+-------------+-----------+------------+
| Los Angeles |      3000 | 2020-12-05 |
| Houston     |       250 | 2020-12-07 |
| Washington  |       300 | 2020-12-08 |
| Boston      |      2000 | 2020-12-08 |
+-------------+-----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9.空值(NULL) 和 无值(‘’) 的区别

  • 无值的长度为 0，不占用空间的；而 NULL 值的长度是 NULL，是占用空间的
  • IS NULL 或者 IS NOT NULL，是用来判断字段是不是为 NULL 或者不是 NULL，不能查出是不是无值的。
    无值的判断使用='‘或者<>’'来处理。<> 代表不等于
  • 在通过 count()指定字段统计有多少行数时，如果遇到 NULL 值会自动忽略掉，遇到无值会加入到记录中进行计算
select length(NULL), length(''), length('1');
select * from City where name IS NULL;
select * from City where name IS NOT NULL;
select * from City where name = '';
select * from City where name <> '';
select COUNT(*) from City;c
select COUNT(name) from City;

例：mysql> SELECT length(NULL), length(''), length('1');
+--------------+------------+-------------+
| length(NULL) | length('') | length('1') |
+--------------+------------+-------------+
|         NULL |          0 |           1 |
+--------------+------------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM city WHERE name IS NULL;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM city WHERE name IS NOT NULL;
+----------+
| name     |
+----------+
| beijing  |
| nanjing  |
| shanghai |
| <null>   |
| <null>   |
+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM city WHERE name = '';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM city WHERE name <> '';
+----------+
| name     |
+----------+
| beijing  |
| nanjing  |
| shanghai |
| <null>   |
| <null>   |
+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM city;
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
|        5 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT COUNT(name) FROM city;
+-------------+
| COUNT(name) |
+-------------+
|           5 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10.正则表达式

匹配模式描述实例
^匹配文本的开始字符‘^bd’ 匹配以 bd 开头的字符串
$匹配文本的结束字符‘qn$’ 匹配以 qn 结尾的字符串
.匹配任何单个字符‘s.t’ 匹配任何 s 和 t 之间有一个字符的字符串
*匹配零个或多个在它前面的字符‘fo*t’ 匹配 t 前面有任意个 o
+匹配前面的字符 1 次或多次‘hom+’ 匹配以 ho 开头，后面至少一个m 的字符串
字符串匹配包含指定的字符串‘clo’ 匹配含有 clo 的字符串
p1|p2匹配 p1 或 p2‘bg|fg’ 匹配 bg 或者 fg
[…]匹配字符集合中的任意一个字符‘[abc]’ 匹配 a 或者 b 或者 c
[^…]匹配不在括号中的任何字符‘[ ^ ab]’ 匹配不包含 a 或者 b 的字符串
{n}匹配前面的字符串 n 次‘g{2}’ 匹配含有 2 个 g 的字符串
{n,m}匹配前面的字符串至少 n 次至多m 次 ‘f{1,3}’ 匹配 f 最少 1 次，最多 3 次
select "字段" from "表名" where "字段" REGEXP {模式};
例：select * from store_info where store_name REGEXP 'os';
select * from store_info where store_name REGEXP '^[A-G]';
select * from store_info where store_name REGEXP 'Ho|Bo';

例：mysql> SELECT * FROM store_info WHERE Store_Name REGEXP 'os';
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Store_Name  | Sales | Date       |
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Los Angeles |  1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| Boston      |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
+-------------+-------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM store_info WHERE Store_Name REGEXP '^[A-G]';
+------------+-------+------------+
| Store_Name | Sales | Date       |
+------------+-------+------------+
| Boston     |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
+------------+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM store_info WHERE Store_Name REGEXP 'Ho|Bo';
+------------+-------+------------+
| Store_Name | Sales | Date       |
+------------+-------+------------+
| Houston    |   250 | 2020-12-07 |
| Boston     |   700 | 2020-12-08 |
+------------+-------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
狮子跑了
关注
  • 9
    点赞
  • 踩
  • 27
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 6
    评论
mysql sql delete语句_SQL Delete语句
weixin_39766258的博客
02-01 2656
在本教程中，您将学习如何使用SQL DELETE语句删除表中的一行或多行。1. SQL DELETE语句简介要从表中删除一行或多行，请使用DELETE语句。 DELETE语句的一般语法如下：DELETEFROMtable_nameWHEREcondition;首先，提供要删除行的表名称(table_name)。其次，在WHERE子句中指定条件以标识需要删除的行记录。 如果省略WHERE子句，则将删...
mysql导出数据sql语句_mysql 根据sql查询语句导出数据
weixin_39826080的博客
01-25 3917
在这里提供2中方式：建议：可以使用方式二，就不使用方式一。方式一：在linux下支持，window下不支持。进入到mysql的bin目录，或者已经给mysql配置了环境变量就不用进入bin目录。原理：通过mysql工具的-e参数，可以执行select、update、delete、insert语句。通过mysql -u用户名 –p密码 数据库 –esql语句 > 文件路径/文件名利用li...
MySQL高级SQL语句
qq_45088125的博客
06-24 1万+
对MySQL数据库的查询，除了基本的查询外，有时候需要对查询的结果集进行处理。例如只取10条数据、对查询结果进行排序或分组等等。使用SELECT语句可以将需要的数据从MySQL数据库中查询出来，如果对查询的结果进行排序，可以使用order by语句来对语句实现排序，并最终将排序的结果返回给用户。这个语句的排序不光可以针对某一个字段，也可以针对多个字段。语法： ASC是按照升序进行排序，是默认的排序方式，即ASC可以省略。 SELECT语句中如果没有指定具体的排序方式，则默认按ASC方式进行排序。 DESC
MySQL高级SQL语句操作之存储过程
m0_74412260的博客
06-23 2524
存储过程是一组为了完成特殊功能的SQL语句集合存储过程在使用过程中是将常用或者复杂的工作预先使用SQL语句写好并用一个指定的名称存储起来，这个过程经编译和优化后存储在数据库服务器中。当需要使用该存储过程时，只需要调用它即可。存储过程在执行上比传统SQL速度更快、执行效率更高。执行一次后，会将生成的二进制代码驻留缓冲区，提高执行效率SQL语句加上控制语句的集合，灵活性高在服务器端存储，客户端调用时，降低网络负载可多次重复被调用，可随时修改，不影响客户端调用。
MySQL高级SQL语句（存储过程）
Y_S_J_112的博客
11-03 7199
存储过程是一组为了完成特定功能的SQL语句集合。存储过程在使用过程中是将常用或者复杂的工作预先使用SQL语句写好并用一个指定的名称存储起来，这个过程经编译和优化后存储在数据库服务器中。当需要使用该存储过程时，只需要调用它即可。存储过程在执行上比传统SQL速度更快、执行效率更高。
mysql拼接sql语句
weixin_36977678的博客
06-27 1806
mysql拼接sql语句
Mysql数据库sql语句
小罗的博客
06-10 5599
目录一、MySQl概述关系型数据库(RDBMS)二、SQL2.3.DDL2.4.DML2.5.DQL2.6.DCL概念：建立在关系模型基础上，由多张相互连接的二维表组成的数据库特点：使用表存储数据，格式统一，便于维护使用SQL语言操作，标准统一，使用方便mysql启动 mysql客户端连接： MySQL数据模型数据库表2.1.SQL通用语法SQL语句可以单行或多行书写，以分号结尾SQL语句可以使用空格/缩进来增强语句的可读性MySQL数据库的SQL语句不区分大小写，关键字建议使用大写注释：单行注释：
MySQL常用SQL语句大全
热门推荐
江南极客
12-21 18万+
MySQL数据库是一个十分轻便的数据库管理系统，相比大型的数据库管理系统如Oracle、MS-SQL ，MySQL更拥有轻便、灵活、开发速度快的特色，更适用于中小型数据的存储与架构。MySQL之所以能够被数以万计的网站采用，也是由此而来。
MySQL表复制SQL语句
qq_44887733的博客
08-01 2386
表复制方式整理
mysql复制sql语句_MySQL复制表结构 表数据sql语句总结
weixin_39631261的博客
02-08 2663
MySQL复制表结构 表数据sql语句总结在mysql中复制表有很多种方法,如有create select from或者insert into select from及有选择性的insert into(a,b,c) select a,b,c from这些基本可以完成我们的操作了，下面我来总结一下mysql复制表语句。复制整个表,代码如下:create table new_table select ...
Mysql高级sql语句使用.md
07-05
Mysql高级sql语句使用.md
Mysql高级sql语句使用7.3.pdf
07-05
Mysql高级sql语句使用7.3.pdf
MySQL常用sql语句生成器
03-22
下面将详细介绍MySQL中的SQL语句及其生成器的相关知识。 1. SQL基础概念 SQL，全称为结构化查询语言，是用于创建、查询、更新和删除数据库中数据的标准语言。它分为DQL（查询语言）、DML（数据操纵语言）、DDL...
MySQL SQL语句练习题及答案
12-21
MySQL SQL语句练习题及答案 本资源提供了 MySQL SQL 语句的练习题及答案，涵盖了创建表、插入数据、删除数据、更新数据、查询数据等多方面的知识点。 一、创建表 在 MySQL 中，创建表使用 CREATE TABLE 语句。...
mysql sql语句总结
09-11
MySQL SQL语句是数据库操作的核心，它用于在MySQL数据库中执行各种任务，如创建数据库、定义数据表结构、插入和更新数据以及查询信息。以下是对标题和描述中提及的SQL语句的详细解释： 1. **创建数据库**： 使用`...
mysql高阶语句
qq_59169480的博客
07-24 1197
高级语法的查询语句。
MySQL的存储过程
最新发布
2402_84844434的博客
07-25 1312
完成特定功能的sql语句的集合。把定义好的sql集合在一个特定的sql函数中每次执行调用函数即可。还可以实现传参的调用。
MySQL 数据表
weixin_42824596的博客
07-24 862
分区功能并不是在存储引擎层完成的，MySQL数据库在5.1版本时添加了对于分区的支持，这个过程是将一个表或者索引物理的分为多个更小、更可管理的部分。就应用而言，从逻辑上讲，只有一个表或者一个索引，但是在物理上这个表或者索引可能由数十个物理分区组成。每个分区都是独立的对象，可以独自处理，也可以作为一个更大对象的一部分进行处理。MySQL数据库支持的分区类型为水平分区，并不支持垂直分区。此外，MySQL数据库的分区是局部分区索引，一个分区中既存放了数据又存放了索引。
Mysql重大更新，三个版本遭下架！
xiaofan23z的专栏
07-24 971
个时就会触发这个重大bug，7/23日mysql发布重要更新，发布了如下三个版本。书接上文，7/11日开源数据库软件服务商percona发布重要警告，最新的。后面官方确认，确实存在重大bug，但是不是表超过10000个，而是超过。当mysql表超过10000张时重启可能会崩溃。
mysql高级sql语句
07-28
MySQL支持许多高级SQL语句，用于处理复杂的查询和数据操作。以下是一些常见的高级SQL语句： 1. 子查询：在一个查询中嵌套另一个查询，将内部查询的结果用作外部查询的条件或数据源。 示例： ```sql SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (SELECT column_name FROM another_table WHERE condition); ``` 2. 联结（JOIN）：将多个表中的数据根据指定条件进行关联，以获取更丰富的结果。 示例： ```sql SELECT column_name FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name; ``` 3. 窗口函数：根据指定的窗口（一组行）计算结果，通常与聚合函数一起使用。 示例： ```sql SELECT column_name, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY column_name) AS row_num FROM table_name; ``` 4. UNION操作符：将两个或多个SELECT语句的结果组合到一个结果集中（去重）。 示例： ```sql SELECT column_name FROM table1 UNION SELECT column_name FROM table2; ``` 5. 存储过程：一组预定义的SQL语句，可以在需要时通过调用该过程来执行。 示例： ```sql CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name() BEGIN -- SQL statements END; ``` 这只是一些常见的高级SQL语句，MySQL还提供了更多功能丰富的语法和功能。根据具体需求，可以使用不同的高级SQL语句来解决问题。
评论 6
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值