电话号码查询系统的设计与实现

用哈希表来实现的存储方式:

int hash(KeyType name) {
	int address = 0;
	for (int i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		address += name[i];
	}
	return address % NUM;

}

将名字定义为关键字,将名字的每一个字符的ASKII码值都相加起来,最后对10取余

void Insert_HT(HashTable HT) {
	HNode* p = (HNode*)malloc(sizeof(HNode));
	if (p == NULL) {
		printf("创建失败\n");
		return;
	}

	printf("人名: ");
	scanf("%s", p->name);
	HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, p->name);
	while (result != NULL) {
		printf("人名重复,请重新输入!\n");
		printf("人名: ");
		scanf("%s", p->name);
		result = Search_HT(HT, p->name);
	}

	printf("电话1: ");
	scanf("%s", p->phone1);
	while (CheckPhone(HT, p->phone1)) {
		printf("电话号码已存在,请重新输入\n");
		printf("电话1: ");
		scanf("%s", p->phone1);
	}
	printf("电话2: ");
	scanf("%s", p->phone2);
	while (CheckPhone(HT, p->phone2)) {
		printf("电话号码已存在,请重新输入\n");
		printf("电话2: ");
		scanf("%s", p->phone2);
	}

	printf("QQ号: ");
	scanf("%s", p->qq);
	while (CheckQQ(HT, p->qq)) {
		printf("QQ已存在,请重新输入\n");
		printf("QQ: ");
		scanf("%s", p->qq);
	}

	int address = hash(p->name);

	p->next = HT[address];
	HT[address] = p;
}

在添加中,如果有人名,电话,qq重复的情况会提示并重新输入

void Modify_HT(HashTable HT, KeyType key) {
	HNode* p = Search_HT(HT, key);
	if (p != NULL) {
		HNode* new_node = (HNode*)malloc(sizeof(HNode));
		if (new_node == NULL) {
			printf("内存分配失败\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("请输入新的姓名:");
		scanf("%s", new_node->name);
		HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, new_node->name);
		while (result != NULL) {
			printf("人名重复,请重新输入!\n");
			printf("人名: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->name);
			result = Search_HT(HT, new_node->name);
		}

		printf("电话1: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->phone1);
		while (CheckPhone(HT, new_node->phone1)) {
			printf("电话号码已存在,请重新输入\n");
			printf("电话1: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->phone1);
		}

		printf("电话2: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->phone2);
		while (CheckPhone(HT, new_node->phone2)) {
			printf("电话号码已存在,请重新输入\n");
			printf("电话2: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->phone2);
		}

		printf("QQ号: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->qq);
		while (CheckQQ(HT, new_node->qq)) {
			printf("QQ已存在,请重新输入\n");
			printf("QQ: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->qq);
		}

		int new_hash = hash(new_node->name); // 重新计算哈希值

		// 从原位置删除
		Delete_HT(HT, key);

		// 插入到新位置
		new_node->next = HT[new_hash];
		HT[new_hash] = new_node;

		printf("信息修改成功!\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("没有找到此人!\n");
	}
}

删除操作需要对关键字(名字)也需要进行更改,但是对关键字进行修改后,需要对输入的元素的位置重新进行位置上的查找插入,将原来的位置删除.

完整代码

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define NUM 10

typedef char KeyType[10];

typedef struct HNode {
	KeyType name;
	char phone1[15];
	char phone2[15];
	char qq[15];
	struct HNode* next;
} HNode;

typedef HNode* HashTable[NUM];

void Create_HT(HashTable HT) {
	for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
		HT[i] = NULL;
	}
}

int hash(KeyType name) {
	int address = 0;
	for (int i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		address += name[i];
	}
	return address % NUM;

}

HNode* Search_HT(HashTable HT, KeyType key) {
	int address = hash(key);
	HNode* p = HT[address];
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (strcmp(p->name, key) == 0) {
			return p;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}

int CheckPhone(HashTable HT, char* phone) {
	for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
		HNode* temp = HT[i];
		while (temp != NULL) {
			if (strcmp(temp->phone1, phone) == 0 || strcmp(temp->phone2, phone) == 0) {
				return 1;
			}
			temp = temp->next;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

int CheckQQ(HashTable HT, char* qq) {
	for (int i = 0; i < NUM; i++) {
		HNode* temp = HT[i];
		while (temp != NULL) {
			if (strcmp(temp->qq, qq) == 0) {
				return 1;
			}
			temp = temp->next;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

void Insert_HT(HashTable HT) {
	HNode* p = (HNode*)malloc(sizeof(HNode));
	if (p == NULL) {
		printf("创建失败\n");
		return;
	}

	printf("人名: ");
	scanf("%s", p->name);
	HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, p->name);
	while (result != NULL) {
		printf("人名重复,请重新输入!\n");
		printf("人名: ");
		scanf("%s", p->name);
		result = Search_HT(HT, p->name);
	}

	printf("电话1: ");
	scanf("%s", p->phone1);
	while (CheckPhone(HT, p->phone1)) {
		printf("电话号码已存在,请重新输入\n");
		printf("电话1: ");
		scanf("%s", p->phone1);
	}
	printf("电话2: ");
	scanf("%s", p->phone2);
	while (CheckPhone(HT, p->phone2)) {
		printf("电话号码已存在,请重新输入\n");
		printf("电话2: ");
		scanf("%s", p->phone2);
	}

	printf("QQ号: ");
	scanf("%s", p->qq);
	while (CheckQQ(HT, p->qq)) {
		printf("QQ已存在,请重新输入\n");
		printf("QQ: ");
		scanf("%s", p->qq);
	}

	int address = hash(p->name);

	p->next = HT[address];
	HT[address] = p;
}

void Delete_HT(HashTable HT, KeyType key) {
	int address = hash(key);
	HNode* p = HT[address];
	HNode* prev = NULL;
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (strcmp(p->name, key) == 0) {
			if (prev == NULL) {
				HT[address] = p->next;
			}
			else {
				prev->next = p->next;
			}
			free(p);
			return;
		}
		prev = p;
		p = p->next;
	}
}

void Modify_HT(HashTable HT, KeyType key) {
	HNode* p = Search_HT(HT, key);
	if (p != NULL) {
		HNode* new_node = (HNode*)malloc(sizeof(HNode));
		if (new_node == NULL) {
			printf("内存分配失败\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("请输入新的姓名:");
		scanf("%s", new_node->name);
		HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, new_node->name);
		while (result != NULL) {
			printf("人名重复,请重新输入!\n");
			printf("人名: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->name);
			result = Search_HT(HT, new_node->name);
		}

		printf("电话1: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->phone1);
		while (CheckPhone(HT, new_node->phone1)) {
			printf("电话号码已存在,请重新输入\n");
			printf("电话1: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->phone1);
		}

		printf("电话2: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->phone2);
		while (CheckPhone(HT, new_node->phone2)) {
			printf("电话号码已存在,请重新输入\n");
			printf("电话2: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->phone2);
		}

		printf("QQ号: ");
		scanf("%s", new_node->qq);
		while (CheckQQ(HT, new_node->qq)) {
			printf("QQ已存在,请重新输入\n");
			printf("QQ: ");
			scanf("%s", new_node->qq);
		}

		int new_hash = hash(new_node->name); // 重新计算哈希值

		// 从原位置删除
		Delete_HT(HT, key);

		// 插入到新位置
		new_node->next = HT[new_hash];
		HT[new_hash] = new_node;

		printf("信息修改成功!\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("没有找到此人!\n");
	}
}

void Print_HT(HashTable HT) {
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		printf("%d号: ", i);
		HNode* p = HT[i];
		while (p != NULL) {
			printf("名字: %s, 电话1: %s,电话2: %s, QQ: %s\n -> ", p->name, p->phone1, p->phone2, p->qq);
			p = p->next;
		}
		printf("NULL\n");
	}
}

void OperateMenu(HashTable HT) {
	int choice;
	do {
		printf("************ 欢迎使用哈希表操作菜单 ************\n");
		printf("1. 插入数据\n");
		printf("2. 删除数据\n");
		printf("3. 查找数据\n");
		printf("4. 修改数据\n");
		printf("5. 打印哈希表\n");
		printf("0. 退出\n");
		printf("********************************************\n");
		printf("请输入您的选择:");
		scanf("%d", &choice);
		switch (choice) {
		case 1:
			Insert_HT(HT);
			break;
		case 2:
		{
			KeyType key;
			printf("请输入要删除的人名:");
			scanf("%s", key);
			HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, key);
			if (result != NULL) {
				Delete_HT(HT, key);
			}
			else {
				printf("没有找到此人!\n");
			}
		}
		break;
		case 3:
		{
			KeyType key;
			printf("请输入要查找的人名:");
			scanf("%s", key);
			HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, key);
			if (result != NULL) {
				printf("找到了,电话1:%s,电话2:%s,QQ:%s\n", result->phone1, result->phone2, result->qq);
			}
			else {
				printf("没有找到此人!\n");
			}
		}
		break;
		case 4:
		{
			KeyType key;
			printf("请输入要修改的人名:");
			scanf("%s", key);
			HNode* result = Search_HT(HT, key);
			if (result != NULL) {
				Modify_HT(HT, key);
			}
			else {
				printf("没有找到此人!\n");
			}
		}
		break;
		case 5:
			Print_HT(HT);
			break;
		case 0:
			printf("程序已退出\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("输入有误,请重新输入\n");
			break;
		}
	} while (choice != 0);
}

int main() {
	HashTable HT;
	Create_HT(HT);
	OperateMenu(HT);
	return 0;
}

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#include #include #include using namespace std; #define NULL 0 unsigned int key; //用来输入/输出文件流类 unsigned int key2; //key和key2分别是用做了电话号码和姓名的关键字 int *p; struct node //新建节点(用户姓名、地址、电话号码、指向下一个结点的指针 ) { char name[8],address[20]; char num[11]; node * next; }; typedef node* pnode; typedef node* mingzi; //声明了名字和电话两个指针 node **phone; node **nam; node *a; void hash(char num[11]) //以电话号码为关键字建立哈希函数 { int i = 3; key=(int)num[2]; while(num[i]!=NULL) { key+=(int)num[i]; i++; } key=key%20; } void hash2(char name[8]) //姓名为关键字建立哈希函数 { int i = 1; key2=(int)name[0]; while(name[i]!=NULL) { key2+=(int)name[i]; i++; } key2=key2%20; } //强制类型转换,将用户名的每一个字母的ASCLL码值相加并且除以20后的余数 node* input() //输入节点信息 ,建立结点,并将结点的next指针指空 { node *temp; temp = new node; temp->next=NULL; cout<<"输入姓名:"<>temp->name; cout<<"输入地址:"<>temp->address; cout<<"输入电话:"<>temp->num; return temp; } //对于指针类型返回的是地址 int apend() //添加节点 { node *newphone; node *newname; newphone=input(); newname=newphone; newphone->next=NULL; newname->next=NULL; hash(newphone->num); //利用哈希函数计算出对应关键字的存储地址 hash2(newname->name); newphone->next = phone[key]->next; //利用电话号码为关键字插入 phone[key]->next=newphone; //是采用链地址法,拉链法处理冲突的散列表结构 newname->next = nam[key2]->next; //利用用户名为关键字插入 nam[key2]->next=newname; return 0; } void create() //新建节点 { int i; phone=new pnode[20]; //动态创建对象数组,C++课本P188页 for(i=0;inext=NULL; } } void create2() //新建节点 { int i; nam=new mingzi[20]; for(i=0;inext=NULL; } } void list() //显示列表 { int i; node *p; for(i=0;inext; while(p) { cout<name<<'_'<address<<'_'<num<next; } } } void list2() //显示列表 { int i; node *p; for(i=0;inext; while(p) { cout<name<<'_'<address<<'_'<num<next; } } } void find(char num[11]) //在以电话号码为关键字的哈希表中查找用户信息 { hash(num); node *q=phone[key]->next; while(q!= NULL) { if(strcmp(num,q->num)==0) break; q=q->next; } if(q) cout<name<<"_" <address<<"_"<num<<endl; else cout<<"无此记录"<next; while(q!= NULL) { if(strcmp(name,q->name)==0) break; q=q->next; } if(q) cout<name<<"_" <address<<"_"<num<<endl; else cout<<"无此记录"<<endl; } void save() //保存用户信息 { int i; node *p; for(i=0;inext; while(p) { fstream iiout("out.txt", ios::out); //创建一个文件流对象:iiout iiout<name<<"_"<address<<"_"<num<next; } } } void menu() //菜单 { cout<<" 哈希表通讯录"<<endl; cout<<" 0.添加记录"<<endl; cout<<" 2.姓名散列"<<endl; cout<<" 3.查找记录"<<endl; cout<<" 4.号码散列"<<endl; cout<<" 5.清空记录"<<endl; cout<<" 6.保存记录"<<endl; cout<<" 7.退出系统"<>sel; if(sel==3) { cout<<"8姓名查询" <<endl;cout<<"9号码查询"<>b; if(b==9) {cout<<"请输入电话号码:"<>num; cout<<"输出查找的信息:"<<endl; find(num); } else {cout<<"请输入姓名:"<>name; cout<<"输出查找的信息:"<<endl; find2(name);}} if(sel==2) {cout<<"姓名散列结果:"<<endl; list2();} if(sel==0) {cout<<"请输入要添加的内容:"<<endl; apend();} if(sel==4) {cout<<"号码散列结果:"<<endl; list(); } if(sel==5) {cout<<"列表已清空:"<<endl; create();create2();} if(sel==6) { cout<<"通信录已保存:"<<endl; save();} if(sel==7) return 0; } return 0; }
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