BGP综合实验

要求：

1.AS1存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.1.0/24该地址不能在任何协议中宣告.
AS3中存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.2.0/24该地址不能在任何协议中宣告,最终要求这两个环回可以互相通讯.
2.整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16，请合理划分.
3.AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制.
4.使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问.
5.减少路由条自数量，避免环路出现.

 1.IP地址规划，配置接口IP地址

规划：

AS 2基于172.16.0.0/16进行划分

骨干链路：172.16.0.0/30----172.16.0.20/30 

建邻环回：172.16.1.2/32----172.16.1.7/32    LoopBack 0

用户网段：172.16.2.0/24----172.16.7.0/24    LoopBack 1

R1---R2网段:12.1.1.0/24

R7---R8网段:78.1.1.0/24

R1环回：LoopBack 0  1.1.1.1/24

               LoopBack 1  192.168.1.1/24

R1环回：LoopBack 0  8.8.8.8/24

               LoopBack 1  192.168.2.1/24

配置：
R1

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R1]interface LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24

[R1-LoopBack0]quit

[R1]interface LoopBack 1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24

R2

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.1 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.22 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R2]interface LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.2 32

[R2-LoopBack0]quit

[R2]interface LoopBack 1             

[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.2.1 24

R3

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname R3

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.2 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.5 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R3]interface LoopBack 0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.3 32

[R3-LoopBack0]quit

[R3]interface LoopBack 1

[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.3.1 24

R4

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname R4

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.6 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.9 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R4]interface LoopBack 0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.4 32

[R4-LoopBack0]quit

[R4]interface LoopBack 1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.4.1 24

R5

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname R5

[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.18 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.21 30

[R5]interface LoopBack 0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.5 32

[R5-LoopBack0]quit

[R5]interface LoopBack 1

[R5-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.5.1 24

R6

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname R6

[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.17 30

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.14 30

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R6]interface LoopBack 0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.6 32

[R6-LoopBack0]quit

[R6]interface LoopBack 1

[R6-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.6.1 24

R7

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname R7

[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 78.1.1.7 24

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit               

[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.13 30

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.10 30

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R7]interface LoopBack 0

[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.7 32

[R7-LoopBack0]quit

[R7]interface LoopBack 1

[R7-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.7.1 24

R8

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname R8

[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 78.1.1.8 24

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R8]interface LoopBack 0

[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 8.8.8.8 24

[R8-LoopBack0]quit

[R8]interface LoopBack 1

[R8-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.2.1 24

2.AS 2配置OSPF

R2

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R3

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]area 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R4

[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 

[R4-ospf-1]area 0

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R5

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[R5-ospf-1]area 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R6

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-ospf-1]area 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R7

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]area 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

3.整体配置BGP

R1

[R1]bgp 1

[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1

[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2      

R2 

[R2]bgp 64512

[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2     

[R2-bgp]confederation id 2      //声明本地最大的AS

[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513     //声明本地直连的其他小AS

[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.3 as-number 64512     //对端所在AS号

[[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0      //环回建邻

[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.5 as-number 64513

[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.5 connect-interface LoopBack 0

[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.5 ebgp-max-hop 2       //修改TTL值，EBGP之间默认为1

[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1

R3

[R3]bgp 64512

[R3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-bgp]confederation id 2      //声明本地最大的AS

[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.1.2 as-number 64512     //对端所在AS号

[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.1.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0       //环回建邻

[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.1.4 as-number 64512            

[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.1.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0

R4

[R4]bgp 64512

[R4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4

[R4-bgp]confederation id 2

[R4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513

[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.1.3 as-number 64512

[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.1.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0        

[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.1.7 as-number 64513

[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.1.7 connect-interface LoopBack 0

[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.1.7 ebgp-max-hop 2

R5

[R5]bgp 64513

[R5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5

[R5-bgp]confederation id 2

[R5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512

[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.2 as-number 64512

[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0

[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.2 ebgp-max-hop 2

[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.6 as-number 64513            

[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.6 connect-interface LoopBack 0

R6

[R6]bgp 64513        

[R6-bgp]router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-bgp]confederation id 2

[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.1.5 as-number 64513

[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.1.5 connect-interface LoopBack 0

[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.1.7 as-number 64513            

[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.1.7 connect-interface LoopBack 0

R7

[R7]bgp 64513

[R7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-bgp]confederation id 2

[R7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512

[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.1.4 as-number 64512

[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.1.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0

[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.1.4 ebgp-max-hop 2

[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.1.6 as-number 64513

[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.1.6 connect-interface LoopBack 0

[R7-bgp]peer 78.1.1.8 as-number 3

R8

[R8]bgp 3

[R8-bgp]router-id 8.8.8.8

[R8-bgp]peer 78.1.1.7 as-number 2

4.AS 2通过BGP学习AS1 和AS 3 的路由

R1发布路由

[R1]bgp 1

[R1-bgp]network 1.1.1.0 24

此时R2学习到了R1的路由可有且优秀 

状态--   可用     >  优秀      >同时存在—可以加表（路由表）   可以传递（传递给

本地的其他BGP邻居）i---状态码为1 代表该路由信息是通过IBGP对等体学到的

但因为下一跳为R1，R3和R5并没有学到最优路由

 在R2上更改，将下一跳改成R2，为了防止环路已达最佳选路，利用策略只让R3 和 R5从将R1来的路由的下一跳改为R2，在AS 2中R2也只针对R1的路由将下一跳改为R3 R4

[R2]route-policy 1 permit  node 10   

[R2-route-policy]apply ip-address next-hop peer-address   

[R2]bgp 64512    

[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.3 route-policy 1 export    

[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.5 route-policy 1 export

[R2]ip ip-prefix 1 permit 1.1.1.0 24             

[R2]ip ip-prefix 1 permit 192.168.1.0 24      

[R2]route-policy 1 permit node 10

[R2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix 1          

[R2-route-policy]quit

[R2]route-policy 1 permit node 20              

此时R3  R5已达优选

 因为R2 和 R5之间是EBGP，所以R5也可以将路由传给它的邻居R6

 由于IBGP水平分割，R4 R7 R8 无法学习到路由，所以建立反射器让R3和R6，当反射器，R4和R7，当客户端

[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.1.4 reflect-client

[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.1.7 reflect-client

这样R4 R7 R8就学到了路由

R4和R7R8之间是IBGP关系，所以R7会回传给R6，R6就学到了两遍

但只要属性都一样就行（下一跳NextHop   可传递属性MED    本地优先级LocPef   协议首选值PrefVal     path/ogn对等体）

 R8发布路由

和R1一个道理

[R8]bgp 3

[R8-bgp]network 8.8.8.0 24

因为下一跳为R8，所以只有R7学到了最优路由

R6和R4都没有

 在R7上更改，将下一跳改成R7，为了防止环路已达最佳选路，利用策略只让R4 和 R6从将R8来的路由的下一跳改为R7，在AS 2中R7也只针对R8的路由将下一跳改为R4 R6

[R7]route-policy 1 permit  node 10

[R7-route-policy]apply ip-address next-hop peer-address 

[R7-route-policy]quit

[R7]bgp 64513

[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.1.4 route-policy 1 export

[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.1.6 route-policy 1 export

[R7-bgp]quit

[R7]ip ip-prefix 1 permit 8.8.8.0 24

[R7]ip ip-prefix 1 permit 192.168.2.0 24

[R7]route-policy 1 permit node 10

[R7-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix 1

[R7-route-policy]quit

[R7]route-policy 1 permit node 20

此时R4 R6 R3学到了最优路由

还是因为IBGP的水平分割所以R1 R5 R2 无法学到R8的路由,R3 R6 反射器，R2  R5为客户端

[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.1.2 reflect-client

[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.1.5 reflect-client

 都已有最优路由

5.全网通

此时AS 2由AS 1  AS3 的路由但AS1  AS3 没有AS 2的路由，所以直接在R2 R7写一个AS 2的路由空接口，直接宣告AS 2的总地址172.16.0.0/16就好

网段聚合

[R2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0   

[R2]bgp 64512                                                               

[R2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21

[R7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0

[R7]bgp 64513

[R7-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 16

R1  R8构建GRE隧道

因为要求192.168.1.0/24和192.168.2.0/24不能宣告，所以构建GRE

[R1]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 12.1.1.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 8.8.8.8
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0


[R8]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 24
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 8.8.8.8
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 1.1.1.1
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]quit
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0

查看R1 R8的路由表

 6.测试

R1的环回 ping R8 的环回

 全网可达！！！试验结束