python中str的方法详解

1.str（字符串）有什么功能？如何运用？

1.capitalize   2.casefold           3.center           4.count              5.encode
6.endswith     7.expandtabs         8.find             9.format             10.format_map
11.index       12.isalnum           13.isalpha         14.isascii           15.isdecimal
16.isdigit     17. isidentifier     18. islower        19.isnumeric         20.isprintable
21.isspace     22.istitle           23.isupper         24.join              25.ljust
26.lower       27.lstrip            28.partition       29.removeprefix      30.removesuffix
31.replace     32.rfind             33.rindex          34.rjust             35.rpartition
36.rsplit      37.rstrip            38.split           39.splitlines        40.startswith
41.strip       42.swapcase          43.title           44.translate         45.upper
46.zfill

2.capitalize:

 |  capitalize(self, /)

 |      Return a capitalized version of the string.

 |     

 |      More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower

 |      case.

 | 

代码：

str_data = 'hello'
str_date = str_data.capitalize()    # 字符串中首字母变成大写。
print(str_date)

运行结果：

Hello

3.casefold：

|  casefold(self, /)

|      Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.

| 

 代码：

str_data = 'HELLO'
str_date = str_data.casefold()  # 无大小写区分比较版本的字符串
print(str_date)

运行结果：

hello

4. center：

 |  center(self, width, fillchar=' ', /)

 |      Return a centered string of length width.

 |     

 |      Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).

 | 

代码：

str_data = 'hello'
str_date = str_data.center(20, '*')     # 居中对齐
print(str_date)

运行结果：

*******hello********

5.count：

 |  count(...)

 |      S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int

 |     

 |      Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in

 |      string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are

 |      interpreted as in slice notation.

 | 

 代码：

str_data = 'abcdef'
print(str_data.count('ab'))

运行结果：

1

6.encode：

 |  encode(self, /, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

 |      Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.

 |     

 |      encoding

 |        The encoding in which to encode the string.

 |      errors

 |        The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors.

 |        The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a

 |        UnicodeEncodeError.  Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and

 |        'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with

 |        codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.

 | 

 代码：

str_data = '你好'
str_date = str_data.encode()    # 编码 -> 将字符串编成字节
print(str_date, type(str_date))

运行结果：

b'\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd' <class 'bytes'>

7.endswith：

 |  endswith(...)

 |      S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool

 |     

 |      Return True if S ends with the specified suffix(后缀), False otherwise.

 |      With optional start, test S beginning at that position.

 |      With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.

 |      suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.

 | 

 代码：

str_data = 'hello'
print(str_data.endswith('h''o'))

 运行结果：

False

8.expandtabs：

 |  expandtabs(self, /, tabsize（制表符大小）=8)

 |      Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.

 |     

 |      If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.

 | 

 代码：

str_data = 'hello'
print(str_data.expandtabs())

运行结果：

hello

9.find：

 |  find(...)

 |      S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int

 |     

 |      Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,

 |      such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional

 |      arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

 |     

 |      Return -1 on failure.

 | 

代码：

str_data1 = 'abcdef'
print(str_data1.find('abc'))

运行结果：

0

10.format(格式化)：

 |  format(...)

 |      S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str

 |     

 |      Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.

 |      The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').

 | 

代码1：

stu_list = [{'name': '张三', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male'},
            {'name': '李四', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'},
            {'name': '王五', 'age': 22, 'gender': 'female'}]
print(f"{'name':^30}{'age':^10}{'gender':^10}")
for stu in stu_list:
    print(f"{stu['name']:^30}{stu['age']:^10}{stu['gender']:^10}")

代码2：

stu_list = [{'name': '张三', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male'},
            {'name': '李四', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'},
            {'name': '王五', 'age': 22, 'gender': 'female'}]
print(f"{'name':^30}{'age':^10}{'gender':^10}")
print(f"{stu_list[0]['name']:^30}{stu_list[0]['age']:^10}{stu_list[0]['gender']:^10}")
print(f"{stu_list[1]['name']:^30}{stu_list[1]['age']:^10}{stu_list[1]['gender']:^10}")
print(f"{stu_list[2]['name']:^30}{stu_list[2]['age']:^10}{stu_list[2]['gender']:^10}")

代码3：

stu_list = [{'name': '张三', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male'},
            {'name': '李四', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'},
            {'name': '王五', 'age': 22, 'gender': 'female'}]
print(f"{'name':^30}{'age':^10}{'gender':^10}")

     剩下的有时间会补上，或者去看看别人是如何使用这些命令的。