8.30笔记

一、Docker-compose实例

1、创建 yml ⽂件

1. [root@localhost ~]# cd test/

2. [root@localhost test]# ls # 创建⼀个⽬录，该⽬录是⼀

3. 个：（project）⼯程

4. [root@localhost test]# cat docker-compose.yml #这

5. ⾥⽂件名称是固定不变的

6. version: "3" # 指定⽂件版本

7. services:

8. nginx: # 这是service名

9. container_name: nginx01 # 这是容器名

10. image: nginx:latest

11. ports:

12. - "8001:80" # 端⼝映射

13. volumes:

14. - /www/wwwroot/8001:/usr/share/nginx/html # 挂

15. 载

16. hostname: nginx.test.com # 容器主机名

17. nginx-php: # 第⼆个service服务名称

18. container_name: nginx02 # 第⼆个容器的名称

19. image: nginx:latest

20. ports:

21. - "8002:80"

22. volumes:

23. - /www/wwwroot/8002:/usr/share/nginx/html

24. hostname: nginx-php.test.com

2、创建数据卷⽬录

1. [root@localhost test]# mkdir -p /www/wwwroot/8001

2. # 创建⽬录

3. [root@localhost test]# mkdir -p /www/wwwroot/8002

4. [root@localhost test]# echo "8001" >

5. /www/wwwroot/8001/index.html # 准备索引⽂件

6. [root@localhost test]# echo "8002" >

7. /www/wwwroot/8002/index.html

3、启动 compose 集群

要在 docker-compose.yml ⽂件所在的⽬录下才能通过 dockercompose 命令启动容器。

1. [root@localhost test]# docker compose up -d # 启动

2. ⼯程后会根据指定的容器名称，⽣成对应的容器

3. [+] Running 3/3

4. ✔ Network test_default Created 0.1s

5. ✔ Container nginx02 Started 0.1s

6. ✔ Container nginx01 Started 0.1s

4、访问测试

1. [root@localhost test]# curl 192.168.15.3:8001

2. 8001

3. [root@localhost test]# curl 192.168.15.3:8002

4. 8002

5、查看并关闭容器

1. [root@localhost test]# docker compose ps -a #

2. 查看docker-compose的所有容器

3. NAME IMAGE COMMAND

4. SERVICE CREATED

5. STATUS PORTS

6. nginx01 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.sh

7. nginx -g 'daemon off;'" nginx 3 minutes

8. ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:8001->80/tcp,

9. :::8001->80/tcp

10. nginx02 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.sh

11. nginx -g 'daemon off;'" nginx-php 3 minutes

12. ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:8002->80/tcp,

13. :::8002->80/tcp

14. [root@localhost test]# docker compose stop nginx01

15. # 以容器名关闭compose失败

16. no such service: nginx01

17. [root@localhost test]# docker compose stop nginx

18. # 必须使⽤service关闭docker-compose

19. [+] Stopping 1/1

20. ✔ Container nginx01 Stopped

6、删除集群中的容器

rm 命令只能删除已经停⽌的容器

1. [root@localhost test]# docker compose rm #删除容

2. 器,不需要指定容器名称

3. ? Going to remove nginx01 Yes

4. [+] Removing 1/0

5. ✔ Container nginx01 Removed

6. 0.0s

7. [root@localhost test]# docker compose rm #再次删

8. 除找不到容器，因为没有停⽌的容器

9. No stopped containers

10. [root@localhost test]# docker compose ps #查看运⾏

11. 的容器，⽬前只有⼀个nginx02

12. NAME IMAGE COMMAND

13. SERVICE CREATED

14. STATUS PORTS

15. nginx02 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.sh

16. nginx -g 'daemon off;'" nginx-php 6 minutes

17. ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:8002->80/tcp,

18. :::8002->80/tcp

强制删除

1. [root@localhost test]# docker compose down #强制

2. 删除创建的容器及其他内容

3. [+] Running 2/2

4. ✔ Container nginx02 Removed

5. 0.5s

6. ✔ Network test_default Removed

7. 0.1s

7、检查 YAML ⽂件语法

1. [root@localhost test]# docker compose config #检

2. 查test⽬录下docker-compose是否存在语法错误

3. name: test

4. services:

5. nginx:

6. container_name: nginx01

7. hostname: nginx.test.com

8. image: nginx:latest

9. networks:

10. default: null

11. ports:

12. - mode: ingress

13. target: 80

14. published: "8001"

15. protocol: tcp

16. volumes:

17. - type: bind

18. source: /www/wwwroot/8001

19. target: /usr/share/nginx/html

20. bind:

21. create_host_path: true

22. nginx-php:

23. container_name: nginx02

24. hostname: nginx-php.test.com

25. image: nginx:latest

26. networks:

27. default: null

28. ports:

29. - mode: ingress

30. target: 80

31. published: "8002"

32. protocol: tcp

33. volumes:

34. - type: bind

35. source: /www/wwwroot/8002

36. target: /usr/share/nginx/html

37. bind:

38. create_host_path: true

39. networks:

40. default:

41. name: test_default

42. [root@localhost test]# docker compose config -q

43. #-q 检查语法，但不输出

44. [root@localhost test]# docker compose config --

45. services #--services 查看service

46. nginx

47. nginx-php

48. [root@localhost test]# docker compose config --

49. volumes #--volumes 查看volume

8、进⼊容器或执⾏临时命令

1. [root@localhost test]# docker compose exec nginx

2. /bin/bash # 进⼊nginx容器内部，并给容器⼀个bash环境

3. root@nginx:/# ls

4. bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64

5. mnt proc run srv tmp var

6. boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media

7. opt root sbin sys usr

8. root@nginx:/# exit

9. [root@localhost test]# docker compose run nginxphp ls # 让容器临时执⾏⼀下ls命令

10. bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64

11. mnt proc run srv tmp var

12. boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media

13. opt root sbin sys usr

14. root@nginx-php:/# exit

9、查看容器的输出⽇志

1. [root@localhost test]# docker compose logs nginx

2. #查看docker-compose中nginx服务的⽇志

3. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: /dockerentrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to

4. perform configuration

5. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for

6. shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/

7. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

8. /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-bydefault.sh

9. nginx01 | 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info:

10. Getting the checksum of

11. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

12. nginx01 | 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info:

13. Enabled listen on IPv6 in

14. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

15. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

16. /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh

17. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

18. /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh

19. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration

20. complete; ready for start up

21. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: using

22. the "epoll" event method

23. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1:

24. nginx/1.21.5

25. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: built

26. by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)

27. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: OS:

28. Linux 4.18.0-425.3.1.el8.x86_64

29. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1:

30. getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576

31. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

32. worker processes

33. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

34. worker process 30

35. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

36. worker process 31

37. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

38. worker process 32

39. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

40. worker process 33

41. [root@localhost test]# docker compose logs #查看

42. docker-compose中所有服务的⽇志

43. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: /dockerentrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to

44. perform configuration

45. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for

46. shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/

47. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

48. /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-bydefault.sh

49. nginx01 | 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info:

50. Getting the checksum of

51. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

52. nginx01 | 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info:

53. Enabled listen on IPv6 in

54. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

55. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

56. /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh

57. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

58. /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh

59. nginx01 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration

60. complete; ready for start up

61. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: using

62. the "epoll" event method

63. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1:

64. nginx/1.21.5

65. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: built

66. by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)

67. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: OS:

68. Linux 4.18.0-425.3.1.el8.x86_64

69. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1:

70. getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576

71. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

72. worker processes

73. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

74. worker process 30

75. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

76. worker process 31

77. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

78. worker process 32

79. nginx01 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

80. worker process 33

81. nginx02 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: /dockerentrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to

82. perform configuration

83. nginx02 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for

84. shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/

85. nginx02 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

86. /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-bydefault.sh

87. nginx02 | 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info:

88. Getting the checksum of

89. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

90. nginx02 | 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info:

91. Enabled listen on IPv6 in

92. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

93. nginx02 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

94. /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh

95. nginx02 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching

96. /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh

97. nginx02 | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration

98. complete; ready for start up

99. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: using

100. the "epoll" event method

101. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1:

102. nginx/1.21.5

103. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: built

104. by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)

105. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: OS:

106. Linux 4.18.0-425.3.1.el8.x86_64

107. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1:

108. getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576

109. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

110. worker processes

111. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

112. worker process 31

113. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

114. worker process 32

115. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

116. worker process 33

117. nginx02 | 2023/12/13 13:37:24 [notice] 1#1: start

118. worker process 34

119. # -f：跟踪输出⽇志

10、查看容器集群的镜像

1. [root@localhost test]# docker compose images

2. CONTAINER REPOSITORY

3. TAG IMAGE ID SIZE

4. nginx01 nginx

5. latest 605c77e624dd 141MB

6. nginx02 nginx

7. latest 605c77e624dd 141MB

8. test-nginx-run-b1081d144ae5 nginx

9. latest 605c77e624dd 141MB

11、启动多个相同配置的容器 1. 有时候需要⼀个集群，启动多个相同的容器，但是 compose 不

提供负载代理功能，只能⾃⼰启动代理。

2. 需要伸展的容器必须不能使⽤名字和固定端⼝。

1. [root@localhost test]# cat docker-compose.yml

2. version: "3"

3. networks:

4. haha:

5. external: true

6. services:

7. nginx:

8. #container_name: nginx01 # 使⽤scale不能使⽤名

9. 字，注释掉

10. image: nginx:latest

11. # ports: # 使⽤scale不能使⽤端⼝，注释掉

12. #- "8001:80"

13. volumes:

14. - /www/wwwroot/8001:/usr/share/nginx/html

15. hostname: nginx.test.com

16. networks:

17. - haha

18. nginx-php:

19. # container_name: nginx02

20. image: nginx:latest

21. #ports:

22. #- "8002:80"

23. volumes:

24. - /www/wwwroot/8002:/usr/share/nginx/html

25. hostname: nginx-php.test.com

26. networks:

27. - haha

28. [root@localhost test]# docker compose up -d --

29. scale nginx=3

30. # 指定启动3个nginx容器，不加参数默认启动⼀个，nginx-php没

31. 加该参数，所以只启动了⼀个

32. [+] Running 4/4

33. ✔ Container test-nginx-3 Started

34. 0.0s

35. ✔ Container test-nginx-php-1 Started

36. 0.1s

37. ✔ Container test-nginx-2 Started

38. 0.0s

39. ✔ Container test-nginx-1 Started

40. 0.0s

12、控制容器集群的注意事项

1. # 在启动docker-compose的注意事项

2. # 所有docker-compose命令必须在docker-compose.yml⽂件所

3. 在的项⽬⽬录下⾯，否则执⾏会失败

4. [root@localhost ~]# docker compose up -d #在其他

5. ⽬录下启动docker-compose失败

6. no configuration file provided: not found

7. [root@localhost ~]# docker compose -f test/dockercompose.yml -p web up -d #需要使⽤参数书指定⽬录位置

8. # -f 指定yaml⽂件名字及路径

9. # -p 必须指定项⽬名，否则默认为yaml⽂件所在⽬录名

10. # 使⽤这两个选项优点麻烦，不如直接cd到docker-compose的⼯

11. 程⽬录

12. [+] Running 3/3

13. ✔ Network web_default Created

14. 0.1s #创建⽹络

15. ✔ Container nginx02 Started

16. 0.1s #创建容器

17. ✔ Container nginx01 Started

18. 0.1s #创建容器

19. # 查询也必须指定yaml⽂件和项⽬⽬录

20. [root@localhost ~]# docker compose ps # 没有

21. yaml和项⽬名⽆法查看，正确的查看⽅法是假-f和-p

22. no configuration file provided: not found

23. [root@localhost ~]# docker compose -f test/dockercompose.yml ps # 没有-p，不能得到查询结果

24. NAME IMAGE COMMAND SERVICE CREATED

25. STATUS PORTS

26. [root@localhost ~]# docker compose -f test/dockercompose.yml -p web ps # -f和-p可以查出结果

27. NAME IMAGE COMMAND

28. SERVICE CREATED

29. STATUS PORTS

30. nginx01 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.sh

31. nginx -g 'daemon off;'" nginx 34 seconds

32. ago Up 32 seconds 0.0.0.0:8001->80/tcp,

33. :::8001->80/tcp

34. nginx02 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.sh

35. nginx -g 'daemon off;'" nginx-php 34 seconds

36. ago Up 31 seconds 0.0.0.0:8002->80/tcp,

37. :::8002->80/tcp

 

二、docker-compose 编排 lnmp 集群

1、docker-compose.yml ⽂件

1. [root@doc lnmp]# vim docker-compose.yml

2. version: '2'

3. volumes:

4. mysql-conf:

5. php-conf:

6. networks:

7. lnmp_net:

8. external: true

9. services:

10. nginx:

11. image: nginx

12. container_name: nginx-lnmp

13. hostname: nginx-lnmp

14. privileged: true

15. ports:

16. - 90:80

17. volumes:

18. -

19. /root/lnmp/nginx/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html/:rw

20. -

21. /root/lnmp/nginx/conf.d/:/etc/nginx/conf.d/:rw

22. - /root/lnmp/nginx/logs/:/var/log/nginx/:rw

23. restart: always

24. networks:

25. - lnmp_net

26. php:

27. image: php:7.3.29-fpm

28. container_name: php-lnmp

29. hostname: php-lnmp

30. privileged: true

31. volumes:

32. - /root/lnmp/nginx/html/:/var/www/html/:rw

33. - php-conf:/usr/local/etc/php

34. volumes_from:

35. - mysql

36. restart: always

37. networks:

38. - lnmp_net

39. mysql:

40. image: mysql:5.6

41. container_name: mysql-lnmp

42. ports:

43. - 3306:3306

44. privileged: true

45. volumes:

46. - /var/lib/mysql

47. - /root/lnmp/mysql/data/:/var/lib/mysql/:rw

48. - mysql-conf:/etc/mysql/

49. restart: always

50. networks:

51. - lnmp_net

52. environment:

53. MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "123456"

2、⼯程⽬录结构树状图

1. [root@doc lnmp]# tree ./

2. ./

3. "## docker-compose.yml

4. "## mysql

5. $ %## data

6. "## mysql-conf

7. $ "## conf.d

8. "## nginx

9. $ "## conf.d

10. $ "## html

11. $ $ "## index.html

12. $ $ "## testa.php

13. $ $ "## testb.php

14. $ $ %## wordpress

15. $ %## logs

16. %## php-conf

17. "## conf.d

18. $ "## docker-php-ext-pdo_mysql.ini

19. $ %## docker-php-ext-sodium.ini

20. "## php.ini

21. "## php.ini-development

22. %## php.ini-production

3、修改并导⼊配置⽂件

（1）nginx 配置⽂件

1. [root@doc lnmp]# vim nginx/conf.d/default.conf

2. server {

3. listen 80;

4. root /usr/share/nginx/html;

5. index index.html index.htm index.php;

6. # redirect server error pages to the static

7. page /50x.html

8. #

9. error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

10. location = /50x.html {

11. root /usr/share/nginx/html;

12. }

13. location / {

14. index index.html index.htm index.php ;

15. try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?

16. $query_string;

17. autoindex on;

18. }

19. location ~ \.php$ {

20. fastcgi_pass php-lnmp:9000;

21. fastcgi_index index.php;

22. include fastcgi_params;

23. fastcgi_param PATH_INFO

24. $fastcgi_path_info;

25. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME

26. /var/www/html/$fastcgi_script_name;

27. }

28. }

（2）导⼊ mysql 和 php 的配置⽂件到容器内

1. [root@doc lnmp]# mv mysql-conf/*

2. /var/lib/docker/volumes/lnmp_mysql-conf/_data/

3. [root@doc lnmp]# mv php-conf/*

4. /var/lib/docker/volumes/lnmp_php-conf/_data/

（3）php 容器安装 mysql 扩展插件

1. [root@doc lnmp]# docker compose exec php bash

2. root@php-lnmp:/var/www/html# docker-php-extinstall pdo_mysql

3. root@php-lnmp:/var/www/html# docker-php-extinstall mysqli

4. root@php-lnmp:/var/www/html#

5. exit

6. [root@doc lnmp]# docker compose restart php

7. [+] Restarting 1/1

8. ✔ Container php-lnmp Started

9. 0.3s