Django项目--用户地址管理

一、设计用户地址数据表

1、models中添加Address模型

• Address模型类中的外键指向Areas/models里面的Area，指明外键ForeignKey时，可以使用字符串应用名.模型类名来定义

• related_name 在进行反向关联查询时使用的属性，如 city = models.ForeignKey('areas.Area', related_name='city_addresses')表示可以通过Area对象.city_addresses属性获取所有相关的city数据。

• ordering 表名在进行Address查询时，默认使用的排序方式

class Address(BaseModel):
    """
    用户地址
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='addresses', verbose_name='用户')
    title = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='地址名称')
    receiver = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='收货人')
    province = models.ForeignKey('areas.Area', on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='province_addresses',
                                 verbose_name='省')
    city = models.ForeignKey('areas.Area', on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='city_addresses', verbose_name='市')
    district = models.ForeignKey('areas.Area', on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='district_addresses',
                                 verbose_name='区')
    place = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='地址')
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='手机')
    tel = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True, default='', verbose_name='固定电话')
    email = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, default='', verbose_name='电子邮箱')
    is_deleted = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='逻辑删除')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_address'
        verbose_name = '用户地址'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        ordering = ['-update_time']

2、为User模型增加默认地址

class User(AbstractUser):
    
    default_address = models.ForeignKey('Address', related_name='users', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, verbose_name='默认地址')
    

二、创建用户收货地址序列化器

class UserAddressSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    用户地址序列化器
    """
    province = serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True)
    city = serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True)
    district = serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True)
    province_id = serializers.IntegerField(label='省ID', required=True)
    city_id = serializers.IntegerField(label='市ID', required=True)
    district_id = serializers.IntegerField(label='区ID', required=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Address
        exclude = ('user', 'is_deleted', 'create_time', 'update_time')  # 排除

    def validate_mobile(self, value):
        """
        验证手机号
        """
        if not re.match(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', value):
            raise serializers.ValidationError('手机号格式错误')
        return value

    def create(self, validated_data):
        """保存"""
        # 因为上面排除了user字段(exclude) 所有模型中就没有user了，就需要我们自己进行添加user模型
        validated_data['user'] = self.context['request'].user
        return super().create(validated_data)

三、收货地址的增删改查

@action()
action装饰器可以接受两个参数：
    methods: 声明该action对应的请求方法
    detail:声明该action的路径是否与单一资源对应  看看是不是只修改一个
        True  格式  xxx/<pk>/action方法名
        False  格式  xxx/action方法名

class AddressViewSet(UpdateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
    """用户收货地址 增删改查"""
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
    serializer_class = UserAddressSerializer

    # 重写
    def get_queryset(self):
        return self.request.user.addresses.filter(is_deleted=False)

    # POST /addresses/
    def create(self, request):
        """
        创建收货地址
        """
        user = request.user
        # count = user.addresses.all().count()
        count = Address.objects.filter(user=user).count()
        # 用户收货地址有上限 最多只能有20个
        if count >= 20:
            return Response({'message': '收货地址数量上限'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

        # 创建序列化器进行反序列化
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        # 调用序列化器的is_valid() 进行校验
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        # 调用序列化器的save()
        serializer.save()
        # 响应
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

    # GET /addresses/
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        用户地址列表数据
        """
        queryset = self.get_queryset()  # get_queryset在上面进行了重写
        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        user = self.request.user
        return Response({
            'user_id': user.id,
            'default_address_id': user.default_address_id,
            'limit': 20,
            'addresses': serializer.data,
        })

    # delete /addresses/<pk>/
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        处理删除
        """
        address = self.get_object()

        # 进行逻辑删除
        address.is_deleted = True
        address.save()

        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    # put /addresses/pk/title/
    # 需要请求体参数 title
    @action(methods=['put'], detail=True)
    def title(self, request, pk=None):
        """
        修改标题
        """
        address = self.get_object()
        serializer = AddressTitleSerializer(instance=address, data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        serializer.save()
        return Response(serializer.data)


    # put /addresses/pk/status/
    @action(methods=['put'], detail=True)
    def status(self, request, pk=None):
        """
        设置默认地址
        """
        address = self.get_object()
        request.user.default_address = address
        request.user.save()
        return Response({'message': 'OK'}, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

四、添加urls路由

urlpatterns = [
    .......
]
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('addresses', views.AddressViewSet, basename='addresses')

urlpatterns += router.urls