【递归回溯剪枝】递归

1.汉诺塔

 汉诺塔

 思路：

递归，找相同子问题。

class Solution {
public:
    void hanota(vector<int>& A, vector<int>& B, vector<int>& C) {
        dfs(A, B, C, A.size());
    }
    void dfs(vector<int>& a, vector<int>& b, vector<int>& c, int n)
    {
        if(n == 1)
        {
            c.push_back(a.back());
            a.pop_back();
            return;
        }
        dfs(a, c, b, n - 1);
        c.push_back(a.back());
        a.pop_back();
        dfs(b, a, c, n - 1);
    }
};

2.合并两个有序链表 

合并两个有序链表

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode() : val(0), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x, ListNode *next) : val(x), next(next) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        if(l1 == nullptr) return l2;
        if(l2 == nullptr) return l1;
        if(l1->val <= l2->val)
        {
            l1->next = mergeTwoLists(l1->next, l2);
            return l1;
        }
        else
        {
            l2->next = mergeTwoLists(l1, l2->next);
            return l2;
        }
    }
};

3.反转链表

反转链表

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode() : val(0), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x, ListNode *next) : val(x), next(next) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        if(head == nullptr || head->next == nullptr) return head;

        ListNode* newhead = reverseList(head->next);
        head->next->next = head;
        head->next = nullptr;
        return newhead;
    }
};

4.两两交换链表中的节点

两两交换链表中的节点

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode() : val(0), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x, ListNode *next) : val(x), next(next) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* swapPairs(ListNode* head) {
        if(head == nullptr || head->next == nullptr) return head;
        ListNode* tmp = swapPairs(head->next->next);
        ListNode* ret = head->next;
        head->next->next = head;
        head->next = tmp;
        return ret;
    }
};

5.快速幂

快速幂

class Solution {
public:
    double myPow(double x, int n) {
        return n < 0 ? 1.0 / Pow(x, n) : Pow(x, n);
    }
    double Pow(double x, int n)
    {
        if(n == 0) return 1.0;
        double tmp = Pow(x, n / 2);
        return n % 2 == 0 ? tmp * tmp : tmp * tmp * x;
    }
};