目录
1.命名管道:
- 毫不相关的进程进行进程间通信
- 管道应用的一个限制就是只能在具有共同祖先(具有亲缘关系)的进程间通信
- 如果我们想在不相关的进程之间交换数据,可以使用FIFO文件来做这项工作,它经常被称为命名管道
- 命名管道是一种特殊类型的文件
1.1创建一个命名管道
- 命名管道可以从命令行上创建,命令行方法是使用下面这个命令:
$ mkfifo filename
- 命名管道也可以从程序里创建,相关函数有:
int mkfifo(const char* filename, mode_t mode);
- 创建命名管道
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
mkfifo("p2",0644);
return 0;
}
1.2匿名管道与命名管道的区别
- 匿名管道由pipe函数创建并打开。
- 命名管道由mkfifo函数创建,打开用open
- FIFO(命名管道)与pipe(匿名管道)之间唯一的区别在它们创建与打开的方式不同,一旦这些工作完成之后,它们具有相同的语义。
1.3命名管道的打开规则
- 如果当前打开操作是为读而打开FIFO时
O_NONBLOCK disable:阻塞直到有相应进程为写而打开该FIFO
O_NONBLOCK enable:立刻返回成功
- 如果当前打开操作是为写而打开FIFO时
O_NONBLOCK disable:阻塞直到有相应进程为读而打开该FIFO
O_NONBLOCK enable:立刻返回失败,错误码为ENXIO
1.4例子1-用命名管道实现文件拷贝
读取文件,写入命名管道:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) do{perror(m),exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}while(0)
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
mkfifo("tp",0644);
int infd;
infd = open("abc",O_RDONLY);
if(infd == -1)
ERR_EXIT("open");
int outfd;
outfd = open("tp",O_WRONLY);
if(outfd == -1)ERR_EXIT("open");
char buf[1024];
int n;
while((n=read(infd, buf, 1024))>0)
{
write(outfd, buf, n);
}
close(infd);
close(outfd);
return 0;
}
读取管道,写入目标文件:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) do{perror(m),exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}while(0)
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int outfd;
outfd = open("abc.bak",O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0644);
if(outfd == -1)
ERR_EXIT("open");
int infd;
infd = open("tp",O_RDONLY);
if(outfd == -1)
ERR_EXIT("open");
char buf[1024];
int n;
while((n=read(infd, buf, 1024))>0)
{
write(outfd, buf, n);
}
close(infd);
close(outfd);
unlink("tp");
return 0;
}
1.5例子2-用命名管道实现server&client通信
server.cc
#include "comm.hpp"
#include "log.hpp"
using namespace std;
// 管理管道文件
int main()
{
Init init;
Log log;
// log.Enable(Onefile);
log.Enable(Onefile);
// 打开管道
int fd = open(FIFO_FILE, O_RDONLY); // 等待写入方打开之后,自己才会打开文件,向后执行, open 阻塞了!
if (fd < 0)
{
log(Fatal, "error string: %s, error code: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
exit(FIFO_OPEN_ERR);
}
log(Info, "server open file done, error string: %s, error code: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
log(Warning, "server open file done, error string: %s, error code: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
log(Fatal, "server open file done, error string: %s, error code: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
log(Debug, "server open file done, error string: %s, error code: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
// 开始通信
while (true)
{
char buffer[1024] = {0};
int x = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (x > 0)
{
buffer[x] = 0;
cout << "client say# " << buffer << endl;
}
else if (x == 0)
{
log(Debug, "client quit, me too!, error string: %s, error code: %d", strerror(errno), errno);
break;
}
else
break;
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
client.cc
#include <iostream>
#include "comm.hpp"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int fd = open(FIFO_FILE, O_WRONLY);
if(fd < 0)
{
perror("open");
exit(FIFO_OPEN_ERR);
}
cout << "client open file done" << endl;
string line;
while(true)
{
cout << "Please Enter@ ";
getline(cin, line);
write(fd, line.c_str(), line.size());
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
comm.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define FIFO_FILE "./myfifo"
#define MODE 0664
enum
{
FIFO_CREATE_ERR = 1,
FIFO_DELETE_ERR,
FIFO_OPEN_ERR
};
class Init
{
public:
Init()
{
// 创建管道
int n = mkfifo(FIFO_FILE, MODE);
if (n == -1)
{
perror("mkfifo");
exit(FIFO_CREATE_ERR);
}
}
~Init()
{
int m = unlink(FIFO_FILE);
if (m == -1)
{
perror("unlink");
exit(FIFO_DELETE_ERR);
}
}
};
log.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SIZE 1024
#define Info 0
#define Debug 1
#define Warning 2
#define Error 3
#define Fatal 4
#define Screen 1
#define Onefile 2
#define Classfile 3
#define LogFile "log.txt"
class Log
{
public:
Log()
{
printMethod = Screen;
path = "./log/";
}
void Enable(int method)
{
printMethod = method;
}
std::string levelToString(int level)
{
switch (level)
{
case Info:
return "Info";
case Debug:
return "Debug";
case Warning:
return "Warning";
case Error:
return "Error";
case Fatal:
return "Fatal";
default:
return "None";
}
}
// void logmessage(int level, const char *format, ...)
// {
// time_t t = time(nullptr);
// struct tm *ctime = localtime(&t);
// char leftbuffer[SIZE];
// snprintf(leftbuffer, sizeof(leftbuffer), "[%s][%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d]", levelToString(level).c_str(),
// ctime->tm_year + 1900, ctime->tm_mon + 1, ctime->tm_mday,
// ctime->tm_hour, ctime->tm_min, ctime->tm_sec);
// // va_list s;
// // va_start(s, format);
// char rightbuffer[SIZE];
// vsnprintf(rightbuffer, sizeof(rightbuffer), format, s);
// // va_end(s);
// // 格式:默认部分+自定义部分
// char logtxt[SIZE * 2];
// snprintf(logtxt, sizeof(logtxt), "%s %s\n", leftbuffer, rightbuffer);
// // printf("%s", logtxt); // 暂时打印
// printLog(level, logtxt);
// }
void printLog(int level, const std::string &logtxt)
{
switch (printMethod)
{
case Screen:
std::cout << logtxt << std::endl;
break;
case Onefile:
printOneFile(LogFile, logtxt);
break;
case Classfile:
printClassFile(level, logtxt);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
void printOneFile(const std::string &logname, const std::string &logtxt)
{
std::string _logname = path + logname;
int fd = open(_logname.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0666); // "log.txt"
if (fd < 0)
return;
write(fd, logtxt.c_str(), logtxt.size());
close(fd);
}
void printClassFile(int level, const std::string &logtxt)
{
std::string filename = LogFile;
filename += ".";
filename += levelToString(level); // "log.txt.Debug/Warning/Fatal"
printOneFile(filename, logtxt);
}
~Log()
{
}
void operator()(int level, const char *format, ...)
{
time_t t = time(nullptr);
struct tm *ctime = localtime(&t);
char leftbuffer[SIZE];
snprintf(leftbuffer, sizeof(leftbuffer), "[%s][%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d]", levelToString(level).c_str(),
ctime->tm_year + 1900, ctime->tm_mon + 1, ctime->tm_mday,
ctime->tm_hour, ctime->tm_min, ctime->tm_sec);
va_list s;
va_start(s, format);
char rightbuffer[SIZE];
vsnprintf(rightbuffer, sizeof(rightbuffer), format, s);
va_end(s);
// 格式:默认部分+自定义部分
char logtxt[SIZE * 2];
snprintf(logtxt, sizeof(logtxt), "%s %s\n", leftbuffer, rightbuffer);
// printf("%s", logtxt); // 暂时打印
printLog(level, logtxt);
}
private:
int printMethod;
std::string path;
};
// int sum(int n, ...)
// {
// va_list s; // char*
// va_start(s, n);
// int sum = 0;
// while(n)
// {
// sum += va_arg(s, int); // printf("hello %d, hello %s, hello %c, hello %d,", 1, "hello", 'c', 123);
// n--;
// }
// va_end(s); //s = NULL
// return sum;
// }
1.6便于理解
唯一性:进程间通信的前提,先让不同进程看到同一份资源
管道文件:属于内存级文件,不需要刷盘
理解:如果两个不同的进程,打开同一个文件的时候,在内核中,操作系统会打开几个文件?(同路径同一个文件名 = 路径+文件名)