哈夫曼树(C语言)

//根据Node数组建立Huffman树

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

typedef struct Node{
  char c;//字符
  int val;//字符出现频次
  struct Node* left;
  struct Node* right;
  
}Node;
Node* DataArr[105];
int size=0;
Node* CreateHuffman();

int InsertCmp(const void* e1,const void *e2);
int CombineCmp(Node* p1,Node *p2);//排序的条件函数

Node* addtnode(Node* a,Node* b);

void OrderArr(int val,char c);
void InsertArr(Node *p,Node **NodeArr);//保持DataArr有序

void preOrder(Node *root);
int main(){
    int n;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        int x;char ch;
        scanf("%d %c",&x,&ch);
        OrderArr(x,ch);
    }
    Node *root=NULL;
    root=CreateHuffman();
    //前两个节点合并,合并后保持有序
    preOrder(root);
    return 0;
}

Node* CreateHuffman(){
    int l=0,r=size;
	 //用l表示删除,插入用qsort()
	while(r-l>1){
		Node* cur1=DataArr[l];
		Node* cur2=DataArr[l+1];
		l+=2;
        size-=2;
        Node* newNode=addtnode(cur1,cur2);
		InsertArr(newNode,DataArr+l);//注意从l位置开始
		r++;
	}
    return DataArr[r-1];
}
Node* addtnode(Node* a,Node* b){
	Node* ret=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	ret->c=-1;
	ret->val=a->val+b->val;
	ret->left=a;
	ret->right=b;
	return ret;
}
int InsertCmp(const void* e1,const void *e2){
     int p1=(*(Node**)e1)->val;
	 int p2=(*(Node**)e2)->val;
	 char c1=(*(Node**)e1)->c;
	 char c2=(*(Node**)e2)->c;	
	 if(p1<p2){
		return -1;
	 }else if(p1>p2){
		return 1;
	 }else{		
		return c1-c2;
     }
}
int CombineCmp(Node* p1,Node *p2){
    //合并时有的节点c没有意义
    if(p1->val<p2->val){
        return -1;
    }else{
        return 1;//规定权值相同的情况,当前的节点放在后面
    }
}
void OrderArr(int val,char c){
   Node* p=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
   p->c=c;
   p->val=val;
   p->left=p->right=NULL;
   DataArr[size++]=p;
   qsort(DataArr,size,sizeof(DataArr[0]),InsertCmp);
}
void InsertArr(Node *p,Node **NodeArr){
    if(size==0){
        NodeArr[size++]=p;
    }
   for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
      if(CombineCmp(p,NodeArr[i])<0){
         //原来i到i+1位置上,p放在i位置上
         for(int j=size-1;j>=i;j--){
            NodeArr[j+1]=NodeArr[j];
         }
         NodeArr[i]=p;
         size++;
         break;
      }
   }
   //无法处理加到队尾
   if(CombineCmp(p,NodeArr[size-1])>0){
      NodeArr[size++]=p;
   }
}
void preOrder(Node *root){
   if(root==NULL){
      return ;
   }
   printf("%d ",root->val);
   //printf("%c\n",root->c);
   preOrder(root->left);
   preOrder(root->right);
}
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以下是哈夫曼树C语言实现代码: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_TREE_HT 100 struct MinHeapNode { char data; unsigned freq; struct MinHeapNode *left, *right; }; struct MinHeap { unsigned size; unsigned capacity; struct MinHeapNode **array; }; struct MinHeapNode* newNode(char data, unsigned freq) { struct MinHeapNode* node = (struct MinHeapNode*) malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeapNode)); node->left = node->right = NULL; node->data = data; node->freq = freq; return node; } struct MinHeap* createMinHeap(unsigned capacity) { struct MinHeap* minHeap = (struct MinHeap*) malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeap)); minHeap->size = 0; minHeap->capacity = capacity; minHeap->array = (struct MinHeapNode**) malloc(minHeap->capacity * sizeof(struct MinHeapNode*)); return minHeap; } void swapMinHeapNode(struct MinHeapNode** a, struct MinHeapNode** b) { struct MinHeapNode* t = *a; *a = *b; *b = t; } void minHeapify(struct MinHeap* minHeap, int idx) { int smallest = idx; int left = 2 * idx + 1; int right = 2 * idx + 2; if (left < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[left]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq) smallest = left; if (right < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[right]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq) smallest = right; if (smallest != idx) { swapMinHeapNode(&minHeap->array[smallest], &minHeap->array[idx]); minHeapify(minHeap, smallest); } } int isSizeOne(struct MinHeap* minHeap) { return (minHeap->size == 1); } struct MinHeapNode* extractMin(struct MinHeap* minHeap) { struct MinHeapNode* temp = minHeap->array[0]; minHeap->array[0] = minHeap->array[minHeap->size - 1]; --minHeap->size; minHeapify(minHeap, 0); return temp; } void insertMinHeap(struct MinHeap* minHeap, struct MinHeapNode* minHeapNode) { ++minHeap->size; int i = minHeap->size - 1; while (i && minHeapNode->freq < minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) { minHeap->array[i] = minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]; i = (i - 1) / 2; } minHeap->array[i] = minHeapNode; } void buildMinHeap(struct MinHeap* minHeap) { int n = minHeap->size - 1; int i; for (i = (n - 1) / 2; i >= 0; --i) minHeapify(minHeap, i); } void printArr(int arr[], int n) { int i; for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) printf("%d", arr[i]); printf("\n"); } int isLeaf(struct MinHeapNode* root) { return !(root->left) && !(root->right); } struct MinHeap* createAndBuildMinHeap(char data[], int freq[], int size) { struct MinHeap* minHeap = createMinHeap(size); for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) minHeap->array[i] = newNode(data[i], freq[i]); minHeap->size = size; buildMinHeap(minHeap); return minHeap; } struct MinHeapNode* buildHuffmanTree(char data[], int freq[], int size) { struct MinHeapNode *left, *right, *top; struct MinHeap* minHeap = createAndBuildMinHeap(data, freq, size); while (!isSizeOne(minHeap)) { left = extractMin(minHeap); right = extractMin(minHeap); top = newNode('$', left->freq + right->freq); top->left = left; top->right = right; insertMinHeap(minHeap, top); } return extractMin(minHeap); } void printCodes(struct MinHeapNode* root, int arr[], int top) { if (root->left) { arr[top] = 0; printCodes(root->left, arr, top + 1); } if (root->right) { arr[top] = 1; printCodes(root->right, arr, top + 1); } if (isLeaf(root)) { printf("%c: ", root->data); printArr(arr, top); } } void HuffmanCodes(char data[], int freq[], int size) { struct MinHeapNode* root = buildHuffmanTree(data, freq, size); int arr[MAX_TREE_HT], top = 0; printCodes(root, arr, top); } int main() { char arr[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'}; int freq[] = {5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 45}; int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); HuffmanCodes(arr, freq, size); return 0; } ``` 该代码实现了哈夫曼树的构建和编码过程。其中,创建和构建最小堆的代码已经实现了,因此主要实现了哈夫曼树的构建和编码的函数。在HuffmanCodes函数中调用buildHuffmanTree函数构建哈夫曼树,然后调用printCodes函数打印每个字符的编码。
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