144.二叉树的前序遍历
给你二叉树的根节点 root
,返回它节点值的 前序 遍历。
示例 1:
输入:root = [1,null,2,3]
输出:[1,2,3]
解释:
第一种方法(递归法):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def preorderTraversal(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
res = []
def dfs(node):
if node == None:
return
res.append(node.val)
dfs(node.left)
dfs(node.right)
dfs(root)
return res
第二种方法(迭代法):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def preorderTraversal(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
# 根节点为空则返回空列表
if not root:
return []
stack = [root]
res = []
while stack:
node = stack.pop()
# 中节点处理
res.append(node.val)
# 右节点处理
if node.right:
stack.append(node.right)
# 左节点处理
if node.left:
stack.append(node.left)
return res
145.二叉树的后序遍历
给你一棵二叉树的根节点 root
,返回其节点值的 后序遍历 。
示例 1:
输入:root = [1,null,2,3]
输出:[3,2,1]
解释:
第一种方法(递归法):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def postorderTraversal(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
res = []
def dfs(node):
if node == None:
return
dfs(node.left)
dfs(node.right)
res.append(node.val)
dfs(root)
return res
第二种方法(迭代法):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def postorderTraversal(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
if not root:
return []
res = []
stack = [root]
while stack:
node = stack.pop()
# 中节点先处理
res.append(node.val)
# 左孩子先入栈
if node.left:
stack.append(node.left)
# 右孩子后入栈
if node.right:
stack.append(node.right)
# 将最终的数组反转
return res[::-1]
94.二叉树的中序遍历
给定一个二叉树的根节点 root
,返回 它的 中序 遍历 。
示例 1:
输入:root = [1,null,2,3] 输出:[1,3,2]
第一种方法(递归法):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def inorderTraversal(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
res = []
def dfs(node):
if node == None:
return
dfs(node.left)
res.append(node.val)
dfs(node.right)
dfs(root)
return res
第二种方法(迭代法):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def inorderTraversal(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
if not root:
return []
res = []
stack = [] # 不能提前将root节点放入stack中
cur = root
while cur or stack:
# 先迭代访问最底层的左子树节点
if cur:
stack.append(cur)
cur = cur.left
# 到达最左节点后处理栈顶节点
else:
cur = stack.pop()
res.append(cur.val)
# 取栈顶元素右节点
cur = cur.right
return res
102. 二叉树的层序遍历
给你二叉树的根节点 root
,返回其节点值的 层序遍历 。 (即逐层地,从左到右访问所有节点)。
示例 1:
输入:root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7] 输出:[[3],[9,20],[15,7]]
第一种方法 (借助队列法):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def levelOrder(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[List[int]]:
if not root:
return []
queue = collections.deque([root])
result = []
while queue:
level = []
for _ in range(len(queue)):
cur = queue.popleft()
level.append(cur.val)
if cur.left:
queue.append(cur.left)
if cur.right:
queue.append(cur.right)
result.append(level)
return result
第二种方法(迭代法):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def levelOrder(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[List[int]]:
if not root:
return []
levels = []
def traverse(node, level):
if not node:
return []
if len(levels) == level:
levels.append([])
levels[level].append(node.val)
traverse(node.left, level + 1)
traverse(node.right, level + 1)
traverse(root, 0)
return levels
107. 二叉树的层序遍历 II
给你二叉树的根节点 root
,返回其节点值 自底向上的层序遍历 。 (即按从叶子节点所在层到根节点所在的层,逐层从左向右遍历)
示例 1:
输入:root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7] 输出:[[15,7],[9,20],[3]]
第一种方法:
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def levelOrderBottom(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[List[int]]:
if not root:
return []
result = []
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
level = []
for _ in range(len(queue)):
node = queue.popleft()
level.append(node.val)
if node.left:
queue.append(node.left)
if node.right:
queue.append(node.right)
result.append(level)
return result[::-1]
199. 二叉树的右视图
给定一个二叉树的 根节点 root
,想象自己站在它的右侧,按照从顶部到底部的顺序,返回从右侧所能看到的节点值。
示例 1:
输入: [1,2,3,null,5,null,4] 输出: [1,3,4]
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def rightSideView(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
if not root:
return []
result = []
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
level = []
for _ in range(len(queue)):
cur = queue.popleft()
level.append(cur.val)
if cur.left:
queue.append(cur.left)
if cur.right:
queue.append(cur.right)
result.append(level[-1])
return result
637. 二叉树的层平均值
给定一个非空二叉树的根节点 root
, 以数组的形式返回每一层节点的平均值。与实际答案相差 10-5
以内的答案可以被接受。
示例 1:
输入:root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7] 输出:[3.00000,14.50000,11.00000] 解释:第 0 层的平均值为 3,第 1 层的平均值为 14.5,第 2 层的平均值为 11 。 因此返回 [3, 14.5, 11] 。
第一种方法:
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def averageOfLevels(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[float]:
res = []
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
level = []
for _ in range(len(queue)):
node = queue.popleft()
level.append(node.val)
if node.left:
queue.append(node.left)
if node.right:
queue.append(node.right)
level = sum(level) / len(level)
res.append(level)
return res
429. N 叉树的层序遍历
"""
# Definition for a Node.
class Node:
def __init__(self, val: Optional[int] = None, children: Optional[List['Node']] = None):
self.val = val
self.children = children
"""
class Solution:
def levelOrder(self, root: 'Node') -> List[List[int]]:
if not root:
return []
res = []
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
level = []
for _ in range(len(queue)):
cur = queue.popleft()
level.append(cur.val)
if cur.children:
queue.extend(cur.children)
res.append(level)
return res
515. 在每个树行中找最大值
"""
# Definition for a Node.
class Node:
def __init__(self, val: int = 0, left: 'Node' = None, right: 'Node' = None, next: 'Node' = None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right
self.next = next
"""
class Solution:
def connect(self, root: 'Optional[Node]') -> 'Optional[Node]':
if not root:
return root
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
prev = None
for _ in range(len(queue)):
cur = queue.popleft()
if prev:
prev.next = cur
prev = cur
if cur.left:
queue.append(cur.left)
if cur.right:
queue.append(cur.right)
return root
116. 填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针
"""
# Definition for a Node.
class Node:
def __init__(self, val: int = 0, left: 'Node' = None, right: 'Node' = None, next: 'Node' = None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right
self.next = next
"""
class Solution:
def connect(self, root: 'Optional[Node]') -> 'Optional[Node]':
if not root:
return root
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
prev = None
for _ in range(len(queue)):
cur = queue.popleft()
if prev:
prev.next = cur
prev = cur
if cur.left:
queue.append(cur.left)
if cur.right:
queue.append(cur.right)
return root
117. 填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针 II
"""
# Definition for a Node.
class Node:
def __init__(self, val: int = 0, left: 'Node' = None, right: 'Node' = None, next: 'Node' = None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right
self.next = next
"""
class Solution:
def connect(self, root: 'Node') -> 'Node':
if not root:
return root
prev = None
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
prev = None
for _ in range(len(queue)):
cur = queue.popleft()
if prev:
prev.next = cur
prev = cur
if cur.left:
queue.append(cur.left)
if cur.right:
queue.append(cur.right)
return root
104. 二叉树的最大深度
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def maxDepth(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
if not root:
return 0
count = 0
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
count += 1
for _ in range(len(queue)):
cur = queue.popleft()
if cur.left:
queue.append(cur.left)
if cur.right:
queue.append(cur.right)
return count
111. 二叉树的最小深度
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
# def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
# self.val = val
# self.left = left
# self.right = right
class Solution:
def minDepth(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
if not root:
return 0
count = 0
queue = collections.deque([root])
while queue:
count += 1
for _ in range(len(queue)):
cur = queue.popleft()
if cur.left == None and cur.right == None:
return count
if cur.left:
queue.append(cur.left)
if cur.right:
queue.append(cur.right)
return count