本文详细介绍了栈和队列的基本概念、特点，以及它们在顺序和链式数据结构下的表示和操作实现，包括初始化、判断空、长度计算、入栈出栈、循环队列等，并探讨了递归的相关内容。
目录
1.栈的定义与特点
2.队列的定义与特点
3.案例引入
4.栈的表示和操作的实现
1.顺序栈的表示
代码示例：
#define maxsize 100;
typedef struct
{
int *base;
int *top;
int stacksize;
}sqstack;
2.顺序栈的初始化
代码示例：
int initstack(sqstack &s)
{
s.base = new int[100];
s.top = s.base;
s.stacksize = 100;
return 1;
}3.判断栈是否为空
代码示例：
int stackempty(sqstack &s)
{
if(s.top == s.base) return true;
else return false;
}4.求顺序栈长度
代码示例：
int stacklength(sqstack &s)
{
return s.top - s.base;
}5.清空顺序栈
代码示例：
int clearstack(sqstack &s)
{
if(s.base != NULL) s.top = s.base;
return 1;
}6.销毁顺序栈
代码示例：
int destorystack(sqstack &s)
{
if(s.base != NULL)
{
delete s.base;
s.stacksize = 0;
s.base = s.top = NULL;
}
return 1;
}7.顺序栈的入栈
代码示例：
int push(sqstack &s,int e)
{
if(s.top - s.base == s.stacksize)
return 0;
*s.top = e;
s.top++;
return 1;
}8.顺序栈的出栈
代码示例：
int pop(sqstack &s,int &e)
{
if(s.top == s.base) return 0;
s.top--;
e = *s.top;
return 1;
}5.链栈的表示和实现
代码示例：
typedef struct stacknode
{
int data;
struct stacknode *next;
}stacknode,*linkstack;
linkstack s;1.链栈的初始化
代码示例：
void initlinkstack(linkstack &s)
{
s = NULL;
}2.判断链栈是否为空
代码示例：
int stackempty(linkstack s)
{
if(s == NULL) return false;
else return true;
}3.链栈的入栈
代码示例：
int push(linkstack &s,int e)
{
stacknode *p;
p = new stacknode;
p -> data = e;
p -> next = s;
s = p;
return 1;
}4.链栈的出栈
代码示例：
int pop(linkstack &s,int &e)
{
if(s == NULL) return 0;
e = s -> data;
stacknode *p;
p = s;
s = s -> next;
delete p;
return 1;
}5.取栈顶元素
代码示例：
int gettop(stacknode *s)
{
if(s != NULL) return s -> data;
}6.栈与递归
1.递归问题的求法
2.递归的定义
3.递归的优缺点
7.队列的表示和操作
1.队列的抽象数据类型定义
2.队列的顺序表示和实现
代码示例：
#define maxqsize = 100
typedef struct
{
int *base;
int front;
int rear;
}sqqueue;
3.解决假上溢的办法——循环队列
4.循环队列的类型定义
代码示例：
#define maxqsize = 100
typedef struct
{
int *base;
int front;
int rear;
}sqqueue;5.队列的初始化
代码示例：
int initqueue(sqqueue &q)
{
q.base = new int[100];
q.front = q.rear = 0;
return 1;
}6.求队列长度
代码示例：
int queuelength(sqqueue &q)
{
return ((q.rear - q.front + maxqsize) % maxqsize);
}7循环队列入队
代码示例：
int enqueue(sqqueue &q,int e)
{
if((q.rear + 1) % maxqsize == q.front) return 0;
q.base[q.rear] = e;
q.rear = (q.rear + 1) % maxqsize;
return 1;
}8.循环队列出队
代码示例：
int dequeue(sqqueue &q,int &e)
{
if(q.front == q.rear) return 0;
e = q.base[q.front];
q.front = (q.front + 1) % maxqsize;
return 1;
}9.取队头元素
代码示例：
int gethead(sqqueue &q)
{
if(q.front != q.rear)
return q.base[q.front];
}8.链队列
1.链队的类型定义
代码示例：
typedef struct qnode
{
int data;
struct qnode *next;
}qnode,*queueptr;
typedef struct
{
queueptr front;
queueptr rear;
}linkqueue;
2.链队初始化
代码示例：
int lnitqueue(linkqueue &q)
{
q.front = q.rear = new qnode;
q.front -> next = NULL;
return 1;
}3.销毁链队列
代码示例：
int destoryqueue(linkqueue &q)
{
while(q.front)
{
queueptr p;
p = q.front -> next;
delete q.front;
q.front = p;
}
return 1;
}4.将元素e入队
代码示例：
int enqueue(linkqueue &q,int e)
{
queueptr p;
p = new qnode;
p -> data = e;
p -> next = NULL;
q.rear -> next = p;
q.rear = p;
return 1;
}5.链队列出队
代码示例：
int dequeue(linkqueue &q,int &e)
{
if(q.front == q.rear) return 0;
queueptr p;
p = q.front -> next;
e = p -> data;
q.front -> next = p -> next;
if(q.rear == p) q.rear = q.front;
delete p;
return 1;
}6.求链队列的队头元素
代码示例：
int gethead(linkqueue q,int &e)
{
if(q.front == q.rear) return 0;
e = q.front -> next -> data;
return 1;
}9.总的代码
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define maxsize 100;
typedef struct
{
int *base;
int *top;
int stacksize;
}sqstack;
int initstack(sqstack &s)
{
s.base = new int[100];
s.top = s.base;
s.stacksize = 100;
return 1;
}
int stackempty(sqstack &s)
{
if(s.top == s.base) return true;
else return false;
}
int stacklength(sqstack &s)
{
return s.top - s.base;
}
int clearstack(sqstack &s)
{
if(s.base != NULL) s.top = s.base;
return 1;
}
int destorystack(sqstack &s)
{
if(s.base != NULL)
{
delete s.base;
s.stacksize = 0;
s.base = s.top = NULL;
}
return 1;
}
int push(sqstack &s,int e)
{
if(s.top - s.base == s.stacksize)
return 0;
*s.top = e;
s.top++;
return 1;
}
int pop(sqstack &s,int &e)
{
if(s.top == s.base) return 0;
s.top--;
e = *s.top;
return 1;
}
typedef struct stacknode
{
int data;
struct stacknode *next;
}stacknode,*linkstack;
linkstack s;
void initlinkstack(linkstack &s)
{
s = NULL;
}
int stackempty(linkstack s)
{
if(s == NULL) return false;
else return true;
}
int push(linkstack &s,int e)
{
stacknode *p;
p = new stacknode;
p -> data = e;
p -> next = s;
s = p;
return 1;
}
int pop(linkstack &s,int &e)
{
if(s == NULL) return 0;
e = s -> data;
stacknode *p;
p = s;
s = s -> next;
delete p;
return 1;
}
int gettop(stacknode *s)
{
if(s != NULL) return s -> data;
}
#define maxqsize = 100
typedef struct
{
int *base;
int front;
int rear;
}sqqueue;
int initqueue(sqqueue &q)
{
q.base = new int[100];
q.front = q.rear = 0;
return 1;
}
int queuelength(sqqueue &q)
{
return ((q.rear - q.front + maxqsize) % maxqsize);
}
int enqueue(sqqueue &q,int e)
{
if((q.rear + 1) % maxqsize == q.front) return 0;
q.base[q.rear] = e;
q.rear = (q.rear + 1) % maxqsize;
return 1;
}
int dequeue(sqqueue &q,int &e)
{
if(q.front == q.rear) return 0;
e = q.base[q.front];
q.front = (q.front + 1) % maxqsize;
return 1;
}
int gethead(sqqueue &q)
{
if(q.front != q.rear)
return q.base[q.front];
}
typedef struct qnode
{
int data;
struct qnode *next;
}qnode,*queueptr;
typedef struct
{
queueptr front;
queueptr rear;
}linkqueue;
int lnitqueue(linkqueue &q)
{
q.front = q.rear = new qnode;
q.front -> next = NULL;
return 1;
}
int destoryqueue(linkqueue &q)
{
while(q.front)
{
queueptr p;
p = q.front -> next;
delete q.front;
q.front = p;
}
return 1;
}
int enqueue(linkqueue &q,int e)
{
queueptr p;
p = new qnode;
p -> data = e;
p -> next = NULL;
q.rear -> next = p;
q.rear = p;
return 1;
}
int dequeue(linkqueue &q,int &e)
{
if(q.front == q.rear) return 0;
queueptr p;
p = q.front -> next;
e = p -> data;
q.front -> next = p -> next;
if(q.rear == p) q.rear = q.front;
delete p;
return 1;
}
int gethead(linkqueue q,int &e)
{
if(q.front == q.rear) return 0;
e = q.front -> next -> data;
return 1;
}
int main(){
return 0;
}
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