通过交换函数Swap学习指针

//第一个版本代码如下:
void Swap(int a, int b)
{
int tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;
}
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
printf("交换前:a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
Swap(a,b);
printf("交换后:a=%d,b=%d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}

//版本2,传指针
void Swap(int* p1, int* p2)
{
int* tmp = p1;
p1 = p2;
p2 = tmp;
}
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
printf("交换前:a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
Swap(&a,&b);
printf("交换后:a=%d,b=%d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}

//版本3.传指针,解引用.
void Swap(int* p1, int* p2)//编译错误,老的编译器程序崩溃
{
int* tmp;//tmp的值是随机值或者-858993460(0xcccccccc)
*tmp = *p1;//错误
*p1 = *p2;
*p2 = *tmp;
}
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
printf("交换前:a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
Swap(&a,&b);
printf("交换后:a=%d,b=%d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}
//程序编译出错,老的编译器(vs2012,DEVC++,VC6.0等)程序能运行但在*tmp=*p1;这句崩溃.
//出现了野指针:也称悬空指针,悬挂指针,你没有访问权限的地址(指针).

//版本4.传指针,解引用
void Swap(int* p1, int* p2)
{
int tmp;
tmp = *p1;
*p1 = *p2;
*p2 = tmp;
}
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
printf("交换前:a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
Swap(&a,&b);
printf("交换后:a=%d,b=%d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}

结论:调用函数通过形参想修改实参的值,必须1,传指针;2.解引用