MySQL SQL多表查询语句各种连接

一、多表查询

#多表查询 笛卡尔积
select * from emp , dept where emp.dept_id = dept.id ;

二、内连接

#隐藏式连接
Select emp.name , dept.name from emp,dept where emp.dept_id = dept.id;
​
#起别名
Select e.name, d.name from emp e,dept d where e.dept_id = d.id ;
​
#显示内连接
#查询每一个员工的姓名，及关联的部门的名称
Select e.name , d.name from emp e inner join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

三、外连接

#1.查询emp表的所有数据，和对应的部门信息(左外连接)
Select e.* , d.name from emp e left outer join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id;
 
#2.查询dept表的所有数据，和对应的员工信息(右外连接)
Select d.* , e.* from emp e right outer join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id;
​
常用左外连接

四、联合查询

Select * from emp where id < 5
union
Select * from emp where age = 10;

五、子查询

1.标量子查询

#子查询返回的结果是单个值(数字、字符串、日期等)，最简单的形式，这种子查询成为标量子查询。
​
#1.查询“销售部”的所有员工信息
#a.查询“销售部”部门id
Select id from dept where name = '销售部';
​
#b.根据销售部id，查询员工信息
Select * from emp where dept_id = 4;
​
#合并
Select * from emp where dept_id = ( select id from dept where name = '销售部' );
​
 
#2.查询在“方东白”入职之后的员工信息
#a.查询方东自的入职日期
Select entrydate from emp where name = '方东自';
​
#b.查询指定入职日期之后入职的员工信息
Select * from emp where entrydate > '2009-09-12';
​
#合并
Select * from emp where entrydate > (select entrydate from emp where name = '方东自');

2.列子查询

#1.查询销售部和市场部所有员工信息
#a.查询销售部和市场部的部门id
Select id from dept where name = '销售部' or name = '市场部';
​
#b.根据部门id，查询员工信息
Select * from emp where dept_id in (2,4);
​
#合并
Select * from emp where dept_id in (select id from dept where name = '销售部' or name = '市场部');
​
#2.查询比财务部所有人工资都高的员工信息
#a.查询所有财务部人员工资
Select id from dept where name = '财务部';
Select salary from emp where dept_id = 3;
Select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '财务部');
​
#b.比财务部所有人工资都高的员工信息
Select * from emp where salary >all (select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '财务部'));
​
#3.查询比研发部其中任意一人工资高的员工信息
#a.查询研发部所有人工资
Select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '研发部');
​
#b.比研发部其中任意一人工资高的员工信息
Select * from emp where salary > any (select salary from emp where dept id = (select id from dept where name = '研发部'));

3.行子查询

#子查询返回的结果是一行(可以是多列)，这种子查询称为行子查询
#常用的操作符:=、<>、IN、NOTIN
​
#1.查询张无忌的薪资及领导相同的员工信息
#a.查询张无忌的薪资及直属领导
Select salary, manager id from emp where name = '张无忌';
​
#b.查询与张无忌的薪资及直属领导相同的员工信息
Select * from emp where salary = 12500 and managerid = 1;
​
Select * from emp where (salary, managerid) = (12500,1);
​
Select * from emp where (salary, managerid) = (select salary,manager id from emp where name = '张无忌');

4.表子查询

#子查询返回的结果是一行(可以是多列)，这种子查询称为行子查询
#常用的操作符:=、<>、IN、NOTIN
​
#1.查询张无忌的薪资及领导相同的员工信息
#a.查询张无忌的薪资及直属领导
Select salary, manager id from emp where name = '张无忌';
​
#b.查询与张无忌的薪资及直属领导相同的员工信息
Select * from emp where salary = 12500 and managerid = 1;
​
Select * from emp where (salary, managerid) = (12500,1);
​
Select * from emp where (salary, managerid) = (select salary,manager id from emp where name = '张无忌');