1. Spring Cache 简介
Spring Cache是Spring框架提供的一种缓存抽象,它简化了缓存的使用,并通过注解的方式让开发者能够轻松地为方法或类添加缓存功能。从Spring 3.1版本开始,Spring Cache提供了对缓存的支持。
Spring Cache不是一个具体的缓存实现方案,而是一个对缓存使用的抽象。这意味着开发者可以在不改变既有代码逻辑的情况下,通过添加少量的注解来实现缓存功能。Spring Cache支持多种主流的缓存解决方案,如EhCache、OSCache等,同时也提供了开箱即用的缓存临时存储方案。
Spring Cache的主要功能包括:
- 缓存注解:Spring Cache提供了一系列注解,如
@Cacheable
、@CachePut
和@CacheEvict
等,用于标记需要缓存的方法或类。这些注解可以方便地控制缓存的行为,如缓存的存储、更新和移除等。 - 缓存管理器:Spring Cache通过
CacheManager
接口来管理缓存。开发者可以根据需要自定义CacheManager
,或者使用Spring Cache提供的默认实现。 - 缓存策略:Spring Cache支持多种缓存策略,如基于方法的返回值、基于方法的参数等。同时,开发者还可以使用SpEL(Spring Expression Language)来定义缓存的key和各种条件。
总之,Spring Cache是一个强大而灵活的缓存抽象,它可以帮助开发者轻松地实现高性能的缓存功能,提高应用程序的性能和响应速度。
2.加入依赖
<!--redis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Spring Cache-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
3.设置application.properties
#毫秒为单位
spring.cache.type=redis
spring.cache.redis.time-to-live=3600000
#如果指定了前缀就用我们指定的前缀,如果没有就默认使用缓存的名字作为前缀
spring.cache.redis.key-prefix=CACHE_
spring.cache.redis.use-key-prefix=true
#是否缓存空值。防止缓存穿透
spring.cache.redis.cache-null-values=true
4.自定义缓存配置类,将redis缓存数据的格式修改为JSON格式,使用 @EnableCaching
注解来开启缓存支持
package com.company.project.configurer;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheProperties;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class MyCacheConfig{
@Bean
RedisCacheConfiguration redisCacheConfiguration(CacheProperties cacheProperties){
RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig();
// config =config.entryTtl();
config = config.serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()));
config = config.serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext .SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer()));
CacheProperties.Redis redisProperties = cacheProperties.getRedis();//将配,置文件中的所有配置都生效
if (redisProperties.getTimeToLive() != null) {
config = config.entryTtl(redisProperties.getTimeToLive());
}
if (redisProperties.getKeyPrefix() != null) {
config = config.prefixCacheNameWith(redisProperties.getKeyPrefix());
}
if (!redisProperties.isCacheNullValues()) {
config = config.disableCachingNullValues();
}
if (!redisProperties.isUseKeyPrefix()) {
config = config.disableKeyPrefix();
}
return config;
}
}
5.在需要缓存的方法上使用 Spring Cache 的注解,如 @Cacheable
、@CachePut
和 @CacheEvict
。
6.测试:查看效果
7.出现的异常,不加缓存配置类时,也就是使用默认的缓存配置类,这是对应的返回值要实现Serializable。
从错误日志中,我们可以看到问题出在尝试从Redis中反序列化数据时。具体地说,问题出现在尝试将存储的值(在这种情况下是200)解析为com.company.project.core.ResultCode
枚举类型时。Fastjson库抛出了一个JSONException
,说明它无法将值"200"解析为该枚举类型。
ResultCode
枚举类型可能定义了一些特定的枚举值,而"200"可能不是这些值中的一个。这通常是因为枚举值和存储的值不匹配导致的。
2024-02-29 09:15:44.865 ERROR 16264 --- [io-15510-exec-1] c.c.project.configurer.WebMvcConfigurer : 接口 [/record/list] 出现异常,方法:com.company.project.web.RecordController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$6c0c2d4.list,异常摘要:Could not deserialize: parse enum com.company.project.core.ResultCode error, value : 200; nested exception is com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONException: parse enum com.company.project.core.ResultCode error, value : 200
org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.SerializationException: Could not deserialize: parse enum com.company.project.core.ResultCode error, value : 200; nested exception is com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONException: parse enum com.company.project.core.ResultCode error, value : 200
at com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer.deserialize(GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer.java:37)
at org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.DefaultRedisElementReader.read(DefaultRedisElementReader.java:48)
at org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext$SerializationPair.read(RedisSerializationContext.java:272)
at org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCache.deserializeCacheValue(RedisCache.java:260)
at org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCache.lookup(RedisCache.java:94)
at org.springframework.cache.support.AbstractValueAdaptingCache.get(AbstractValueAdaptingCache.java:58)
at org.springframework.cache.interceptor.AbstractCacheInvoker.doGet(AbstractCacheInvoker.java:73)
at org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheAspectSupport.findInCaches(CacheAspectSupport.java:571)
at org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheAspectSupport.findCachedItem(CacheAspectSupport.java:536)
at org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheAspectSupport.execute(CacheAspectSupport.java:402)
at org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheAspectSupport.execute(CacheAspectSupport.java:346)
at org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheInterceptor.invoke(CacheInterceptor.java:61)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.proceed(CglibAopProxy.java:749)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:691)
at com.company.project.web.RecordController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$6c0c2d4.list(<generated>)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:190)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:105)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:878)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:792)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1040)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:943)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:909)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:652)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:733)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:143)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:374)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:868)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1590)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONException: parse enum com.company.project.core.ResultCode error, value : 200
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.deserializer.EnumDeserializer.deserialze(EnumDeserializer.java:125)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.deserializer.DefaultFieldDeserializer.parseField(DefaultFieldDeserializer.java:85)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.deserializer.JavaBeanDeserializer.parseField(JavaBeanDeserializer.java:1251)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.deserializer.JavaBeanDeserializer.deserialze(JavaBeanDeserializer.java:866)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.deserializer.JavaBeanDeserializer.deserialze(JavaBeanDeserializer.java:288)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.deserializer.JavaBeanDeserializer.deserialze(JavaBeanDeserializer.java:284)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.DefaultJSONParser.parseObject(DefaultJSONParser.java:395)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.DefaultJSONParser.parse(DefaultJSONParser.java:1401)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.deserializer.JavaObjectDeserializer.deserialze(JavaObjectDeserializer.java:46)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.DefaultJSONParser.parseObject(DefaultJSONParser.java:688)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON.parseObject(JSON.java:396)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON.parseObject(JSON.java:359)
at com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer.deserialize(GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer.java:35)
... 65 common frames omitted