图书管理系统

前言

基于类和对象、继承和多态、抽象类和接口相关内容，完成此小项目

实现逻辑

面向对象的原则：

1.找到对象

2.创建对象

3.使用对象

书

创建名为book的包，存放与书有关的类。

Book

在Book包中创建Book的类。

编写书的相关属性，书名 (name) ,作者 (author) ，价格 (price) ，类型 (type) 以及是否被借出（isBorrowed）。

将属性前的访问修饰符设置为private权限（用private修饰书的属性，体现书的密封性），提供相应的get方法和set方法以及构造方法（已将是否被借出的类型设置为boolean，默认为false），通过快捷键进行toString方法的重写。

public class Book {

    private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;

    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean getBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ((isBorrowed == true) ? " 已经借出" : " 未被借出") +
                /*", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +*/
                '}';
    }
}

BookList

在Book包中创建BookList的类

注意：不要使用编译器生成的Book数组books的get and set （Book）方法，因为其针对的是books数组本身，而不是数组中存放的书，设置名为pos的数组下标参数，在getBook方法中返回books的数组下标pos，在setBooks方法中，将 books数组的pos下标设置为一本书。这样就可以访问该数组的书成员

public class BookList {

    private Book[] books ;
    private int usedSize;//记录当前书架上实际存放的书的数量
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;//方便修改书架容量

    public BookList() {
        this.books = new Book[DEFAULT_CAPACITY];
        //放置书！！
        this.books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",10,"小说");
        this.books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",9,"小说");
        this.books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",19,"小说");

        this.usedSize = 3;
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }

    public Book getBook(int pos) {
        return books[pos];
    }

    public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {
        books[pos] = book;
    }


    // public Book[] getBooks() {
   //      return books;
  // }


}

用户

User（抽象类）

在普通用户和管理员用户中存在许多共性，因此设置一个抽象类被继承使用

public abstract class User {
    protected String name;

    protected IOPeration[] ioPerations;//操作接口

    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract int menu();


    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
        ioPerations[choice].work(bookList);
    }

}

AdminUser

public class AdminUser extends User{

    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.ioPerations = new IOPeration[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new ShowOperation(),
        };
    }

    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("**********管理员用户*****");
        System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
        System.out.println("2. 新增图书");
        System.out.println("3. 删除图书");
        System.out.println("4. 显示图书");
        System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("**********************");

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();

        return choice;
    }
}

NormalUser

public class NormalUser extends User{


    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.ioPerations = new IOPeration[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()

        };
    }


    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("**********普通用户******");
        System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
        System.out.println("2. 借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3. 归还图书");
        System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("**********************");

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();

        return choice;
    }


}

用户对书进行的一系列操作

IOPeration

提供一个接口供对书架实现不同操作

public interface IOPeration {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

BorrowOperation

1.要借阅哪本书？
2.借阅的书有没有？

输入想要借阅的图书的名字，遍历书架上的书，如果有，借出，如果没有，无法借阅

 public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书！");
        Scanner scanner  = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的图书：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                book.setBorrowed(true);
                System.out.println("借阅成功！");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }

        System.out.println("你借阅的图书 不存在！！ ");

    }
}

ReturnOperation

• 与BorrowOperation思路一致

public class ReturnOperation implements IOPeration{


    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书！");

        Scanner scanner  = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                book.setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("归还成功！");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("你归还的图书 不存在！！ ");
    }
}

AddOperation

public class AddOperation implements IOPeration{


    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书！");

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.println("请输入作者：");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.println("请输入类型：");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.println("请输入价格：");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();

        Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);

        //检查数组当中有没有这本书（遍历）
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book1 = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book1.getName().equals(name)) {
                System.out.println("有这本书，不进行存放了！");
                return;
            }
        }
        if(currentSize == bookList.getBooks().length) {
            System.out.println("书架满了！");
        }else {
            bookList.setBooks(currentSize,book);
            bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);
        }
    }
}

DelOperation

public class DelOperation implements IOPeration{


    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书！");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int pos = -1;

        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        int i = 0;
        for (; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                pos = i;
                break;
            }
        }

        if(i == currentSize) {
            System.out.println("没有你要删除的图书！");
            return;
        }
        //开始删除
        int j = pos;
        for (; j < currentSize-1; j++) {
            //[j] = [j+1]
            Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);

            bookList.setBooks(j,book);
        }

        bookList.setBooks(j,null);

        bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);
    }
}

ShowOperation

public class ShowOperation implements IOPeration{

    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("打印图书！");
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

FindOperation

public class FindOperation implements IOPeration{


    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查找图书！");

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        //遍历数组
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                System.out.println("找到了这本书，信息如下：");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有找到这本书！");
    }
}

ExitOperation

public class ExitOperation implements IOPeration{


    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出系统！");
        System.exit(0);//退出
    }
}

完成测试

指引用户完成对系统的使用（Main）

public class Main {

    public static User login() {
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你的身份，1：管理员  2：普通用户");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();

        if(choice == 1) {
            //管理员
            return new AdminUser(name);
        }else {
            //普通用户
            return new NormalUser(name);
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        BookList bookList = new BookList();
       
        User user = login();
        while (true) {
            int choice = user.menu();
            System.out.println("choice :"+ choice);
            //根据choice 的选择来决定调用的是哪个方法 
            user.doOperation(choice,bookList);
        }
    }
}