Windows环境下的调试器探究——内存断点

内存断点

描述：当需要在某块内存被访问时产生中断，可以使用内存断点。

内存断点能够分为两种类型：

内存访问：内存被读写时产生中断 

内存写入：内存被写入时产生中断

原理：VirtualProtectEx

flNewProtect

内存访问：将指定内存的属性修改为PAGE_NOACCESS（修改后，PTE的P位等于0） 

内存写入：将指定内存的属性修改为PAGE_EXECUTE_READ（修改后，PTE的P位等于1，R/W位等于0）

流程

被调试进程：

1）CPU访问错误的内存地址，触发页异常

2）查IDT表找到对应的中断处理函数（nt!_KiTrap0E） 

3）CommonDispatchException

4）KiDispatchException

5）DbgkForwardException收集并发送调试事件

最终调用DbgkpSendApiMessage(x, x)，第一个参数：消息类型，共有7种类型，第二个参数：是否挂起其它线程

调试器进程：

1）循环判断 

2）取出调试事件 

3）列出消息（寄存器/内存） 

4）用户处理

在创建进程的地方使用内存断点

通过修改PTE的P=0来设置页不可访问

我们首先看一下EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO结构

然后再看ExceptionRecord

到msdn里面看一下EXCEPTION_RECORD，这里主要关注ExceptionInformation

如果这个值为0有线程试图读这块内存，如果这个值为1则有线程试图写这块内存

这里显示出异常的信息，打印异常类型和异常地址

实现代码如下

// Debug4.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h>

#define DEBUGGEE "C:\\ipmsg.exe"

//被调试进程ID,进程句柄，OEP
DWORD dwDebuggeePID = 0;

//被调试线程句柄
HANDLE hDebuggeeThread = NULL;
HANDLE hDebuggeeProcess = NULL;

//系统断点
BOOL bIsSystemInt3 = TRUE;

//被INT 3覆盖的数据
CHAR OriginalCode = 0;

//原始内存属性
DWORD dwOriginalProtect;

//线程上下文
CONTEXT Context;

typedef HANDLE (__stdcall *FnOpenThread) (DWORD, BOOL, DWORD);

VOID InitDebuggeeInfo(DWORD dwPID, HANDLE hProcess)
{
 dwDebuggeePID = dwPID;
 hDebuggeeProcess = hProcess;
}

DWORD GetProcessId(LPTSTR lpProcessName)
{
 HANDLE hProcessSnap = NULL;
 PROCESSENTRY32 pe32 = {0};
 
 hProcessSnap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
 if(hProcessSnap == (HANDLE)-1)
 {
  return 0;
 }
 
 pe32.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
 
 if(Process32First(hProcessSnap, &pe32))
 {
  do 
  {
   if(!strcmp(lpProcessName, pe32.szExeFile))
    return (int)pe32.th32ProcessID;
  } while (Process32Next(hProcessSnap, &pe32));
 }
 else
 {
  CloseHandle(hProcessSnap);
 }
 
 return 0;
}

BOOL WaitForUserCommand()
{
 BOOL bRet = FALSE;
 CHAR command;

 printf("COMMAND>");

 command = getchar();

 switch(command)
 {
 case 't':
  bRet = TRUE;
  break;
 case 'p':
  bRet = TRUE;
  break;
 case 'g':
  bRet = TRUE;
  break;
 }

 getchar();
 return bRet;
}

BOOL Int3ExceptionProc(EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO *pExceptionInfo)
{
 BOOL bRet = FALSE;

 //1. 将INT 3修复为原来的数据（如果是系统断点，不用修复）
 if(bIsSystemInt3)
 {
  bIsSystemInt3 = FALSE;
  return TRUE;
 }
 else
 {
  WriteProcessMemory(hDebuggeeProcess, pExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord.ExceptionAddress, &OriginalCode, 1, NULL);
 }

 //2. 显示断点位置
 printf("Int 3断点 : 0x%p \r\n", pExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord.ExceptionAddress);

 //3. 获取线程上下文
 Context.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_FULL | CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS;
 GetThreadContext(hDebuggeeThread, &Context);
 
 //4. 修正EIP
 Context.Eip--;
 SetThreadContext(hDebuggeeThread, &Context);

 //5. 显示反汇编代码、寄存器等
 
 //6. 等待用户命令
 while(bRet == FALSE)
 {
  bRet = WaitForUserCommand();
 }
 
 return bRet;
}

BOOL AccessExceptionProc(EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO *pExceptionInfo)
{
 BOOL bRet = FALSE;
 DWORD dwAccessFlag;  //访问类型 0为读 1为写
 DWORD dwAccessAddr;  //访问地址
 DWORD dwProtect;  //内存属性

 //1. 获取异常信息，修改内存属性
 dwAccessFlag = pExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord.ExceptionInformation[0];
 dwAccessAddr = pExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord.ExceptionInformation[1];
 printf("内存断点 : dwAccessFlag - %x dwAccessAddr - %x \n", dwAccessFlag, dwAccessAddr);
 VirtualProtectEx(hDebuggeeProcess, (VOID*)dwAccessAddr, 1, dwOriginalProtect, &dwProtect);
 
 //2. 获取线程上下文
 Context.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_FULL | CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS;
 GetThreadContext(hDebuggeeThread, &Context);
 //3. 修正EIP(内存访问异常，不需要修正EIP)
 printf("Eip: 0x%p \n", Context.Eip);
 //4. 显示汇编/寄存器等信息
 //5. 等待用户命令
 while(bRet == FALSE)
 {
  bRet = WaitForUserCommand();
 }

 return bRet;
}

BOOL SingleStepExceptionProc(EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO *pExceptionInfo)
{
 BOOL bRet = TRUE;
 
 return bRet;
}

BOOL ExceptionHandler(DEBUG_EVENT *pDebugEvent)
{ 
 BOOL bRet = TRUE;
 EXCEPTION_DEBUG_INFO *pExceptionInfo = NULL;

 pExceptionInfo = &pDebugEvent->u.Exception;

 //得到线程句柄，后面要用
 FnOpenThread MyOpenThread = (FnOpenThread)GetProcAddress(LoadLibrary("kernel32.dll"), "OpenThread");
 hDebuggeeThread = MyOpenThread(THREAD_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pDebugEvent->dwThreadId);

 switch(pExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord.ExceptionCode)
 {
 //INT 3异常
 case EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT:
  {
   bRet = Int3ExceptionProc(pExceptionInfo);
   break;
  }
 //访问异常
 case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION:
  bRet = AccessExceptionProc(pExceptionInfo);
  break;
 //单步执行
 case EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP:
  bRet = SingleStepExceptionProc(pExceptionInfo);
  break;
 }

 return bRet;
}

VOID SetInt3BreakPoint(LPVOID addr)
{
 CHAR int3 = 0xCC;
 
 //1. 备份
 ReadProcessMemory(hDebuggeeProcess, addr, &OriginalCode, 1, NULL);
 //2. 修改
 WriteProcessMemory(hDebuggeeProcess, addr, &int3, 1, NULL);
}

VOID SetMemBreakPoint(PCHAR pAddress)
{
 //1. 访问断点
 VirtualProtectEx(hDebuggeeProcess, pAddress, 1, PAGE_NOACCESS, &dwOriginalProtect); //PTE P=0
 //2. 写入断点
 //VirtualProtectEx(hDebuggeeProcess, pAddress, 1, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ, &dwOriginalProtect); //PTE R/W=0
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
 BOOL nIsContinue = TRUE;
 DEBUG_EVENT debugEvent = {0};
 BOOL bRet = TRUE;
 DWORD dwContinue = DBG_CONTINUE;

 //1.创建调试进程
 STARTUPINFO startupInfo = {0};
 PROCESS_INFORMATION pInfo = {0};
 GetStartupInfo(&startupInfo);

 bRet = CreateProcess(DEBUGGEE, NULL, NULL, NULL, TRUE, DEBUG_PROCESS || DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS, NULL, NULL, &startupInfo, &pInfo);
 if(!bRet)
 {
  printf("CreateProcess error: %d \n", GetLastError());
  return 0;
 }

 hDebuggeeProcess = pInfo.hProcess;

 //2.调试循环
 while(nIsContinue)
 {
  bRet = WaitForDebugEvent(&debugEvent, INFINITE);
  if(!bRet)
  {
   printf("WaitForDebugEvent error: %d \n", GetLastError());
   return 0;
  }

  switch(debugEvent.dwDebugEventCode)
  {
  //1.异常
  case EXCEPTION_DEBUG_EVENT:
   bRet = ExceptionHandler(&debugEvent);
   if(!bRet)
    dwContinue = DBG_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED;
   break;
  //2.
  case CREATE_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT:
   break;
  //3.创建进程
  case CREATE_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT:
   //int3 断点
   //SetInt3BreakPoint((PCHAR)debugEvent.u.CreateProcessInfo.lpStartAddress);
   //内存断点
   SetMemBreakPoint((PCHAR)debugEvent.u.CreateProcessInfo.lpStartAddress);
   break;
  //4.
  case EXIT_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT:
   break;
  //5.
  case EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT:
   break;
  //6.
  case LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT:
   break;
  //7.
  case UNLOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT:
   break;
  //8.
  case OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_EVENT:
   break;
  }
  
  bRet = ContinueDebugEvent(debugEvent.dwProcessId, debugEvent.dwThreadId, DBG_CONTINUE);
 }
 
 return 0;
}

实现效果如下