int toInteger(const string& s)
{
size_t i=0;
int flag=0;
int result=0;
if(s.empty())
{
throw "illegal integral format";
}
if(s[i]=='+'||s[i]=='-')
{
if(s[i]=='+')
{
i++;
}
else
{
flag=-1;
}
}
for(;i<s.size();i++)
{
if(s[i]>='0'&&s[i]<='9')
{
result=result*10+(s[i]-'0');
}
else
{
throw "illegal integral format";
}
}
if(flag==-1)
{
return -result*(-1);
}
else
{
return result;
}
}