数据结构 C 多项式加法-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2301_80870156/article/details/138202262

本文介绍了如何使用C语言定义和操作一个链表结构，用于表示多项式，并展示了两个测试函数(additionTest1和additionTest2)，演示了多项式项的合并过程。

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

typedef struct LinkNode{
   int coefficient;
   int exponent;
   struct LinkNode *next;
} *LinkList, *NodePtr;

LinkList initLinkList(){
   LinkList tempHeader = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
   tempHeader->coefficient = 0;
   tempHeader->exponent = 0;
   tempHeader->next = NULL;
   return tempHeader;
}

void printList(LinkList paraHeader){
   NodePtr p = paraHeader->next;
   while (p != NULL) {
       printf("%d * x^%d + ", p->coefficient, p->exponent);
       p = p->next;
   }
   printf("\r\n");
}

void printNode(NodePtr paraPtr, char paraChar){
   if (paraPtr == NULL) {
       printf("NULL\r\n");
   } else {
       printf("The element of %c is (%d * x^%d)\r\n", paraChar, paraPtr->coefficient, paraPtr->exponent);
   }
}

void appendElement(LinkList paraHeader, int paraCoefficient, int paraExponent){
NodePtr p, q;

   q = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
   q->coefficient = paraCoefficient;
   q->exponent = paraExponent;
   q->next = NULL;

   p = paraHeader;
   while (p->next != NULL) {
       p = p->next;
   }

   p->next = q;
}

void add(NodePtr paraList1, NodePtr paraList2){
NodePtr p, q, r, s;

   p = paraList1->next;
   printNode(p, 'p');
   q = paraList2->next;
   printNode(q, 'q');
   r = paraList1;
   printNode(r, 'r');
   free(paraList2);

   while ((p != NULL) && (q != NULL)) {
       if (p->exponent < q->exponent) {

           printf("case 1\r\n");
           r->next = p;
           r = p;
           printNode(r, 'r');
           p = p->next;
           printNode(p, 'p');
       } else if ((p->exponent > q->exponent)) {

           printf("case 2\r\n");
           r->next = q;
           r = q;
           printNode(r, 'r');
           q = q->next;
           printNode(q, 'q');
       } else {
           printf("case 3\r\n");

           p->coefficient = p->coefficient + q->coefficient;
           printf("The coefficient is: %d.\r\n", p->coefficient);
           if (p->coefficient == 0) {
               printf("case 3.1\r\n");
               s = p;
               p = p->next;
               printNode(p, 'p');

           } else {
               printf("case 3.2\r\n");
               r = p;
               printNode(r, 'r');
               p = p->next;
               printNode(p, 'p');
           }
           s = q;
           q = q->next;

           free(s);
       }

       printf("p = %p, q = %p\r\n", p, q);
   }
   printf("End of while.\r\n");

   if (p == NULL) {
       r->next = q;
   } else {
       r->next = p;
   }

printf("Addition ends.\r\n");
}

void additionTest1(){

   LinkList tempList1 = initLinkList();
   appendElement(tempList1, 7, 0);
   appendElement(tempList1, 3, 1);
   appendElement(tempList1, 9, 8);
   appendElement(tempList1, 5, 17);
   printList(tempList1);

   LinkList tempList2 = initLinkList();
   appendElement(tempList2, 8, 1);
   appendElement(tempList2, 22, 7);
   appendElement(tempList2, -9, 8);
   printList(tempList2);

   add(tempList1, tempList2);
   printf("The result is: ");
   printList(tempList1);
   printf("\r\n");
}

void additionTest2(){

   LinkList tempList1 = initLinkList();
   appendElement(tempList1, 7, 0);
   appendElement(tempList1, 3, 1);
   appendElement(tempList1, 9, 8);
   appendElement(tempList1, 5, 17);
   printList(tempList1);

   LinkList tempList2 = initLinkList();
   appendElement(tempList2, 8, 1);
   appendElement(tempList2, 22, 7);
   appendElement(tempList2, -9, 10);
   printList(tempList2);

   add(tempList1, tempList2);
   printf("The result is: ");
   printList(tempList1);
   printf("\r\n");
}

int main(){
   additionTest1();
   additionTest2();
   printf("Finish.\r\n");
   return 0;
}

运行结果

7 * x^0 + 3 * x^1 + 9 * x^8 + 5 * x^17 +
8 * x^1 + 22 * x^7 + -9 * x^8 +
The element of p is (7 * x^0)
The element of q is (8 * x^1)
The element of r is (0 * x^0)
case 1
The element of r is (7 * x^0)
The element of p is (3 * x^1)
p = 0000000000B81430, q = 0000000000B814B0
case 3
The coefficient is: 11.
case 3.2
The element of r is (11 * x^1)
The element of p is (9 * x^8)
p = 0000000000B81450, q = 0000000000B814D0
case 2
The element of r is (22 * x^7)
The element of q is (-9 * x^8)
p = 0000000000B81450, q = 0000000000B814F0
case 3
The coefficient is: 0.
case 3.1
The element of p is (5 * x^17)
p = 0000000000B81470, q = 0000000000000000
End of while.
Addition ends.
The result is: 7 * x^0 + 11 * x^1 + 22 * x^7 + 5 * x^17 +

7 * x^0 + 3 * x^1 + 9 * x^8 + 5 * x^17 +
8 * x^1 + 22 * x^7 + -9 * x^10 +
The element of p is (7 * x^0)
The element of q is (8 * x^1)
The element of r is (0 * x^0)
case 1
The element of r is (7 * x^0)
The element of p is (3 * x^1)
p = 0000000000B814F0, q = 0000000000B81570
case 3
The coefficient is: 11.
case 3.2
The element of r is (11 * x^1)
The element of p is (9 * x^8)
p = 0000000000B81510, q = 0000000000B81590
case 2
The element of r is (22 * x^7)
The element of q is (-9 * x^10)
p = 0000000000B81510, q = 0000000000B815B0
case 1
The element of r is (9 * x^8)
The element of p is (5 * x^17)
p = 0000000000B81530, q = 0000000000B815B0
case 2
The element of r is (-9 * x^10)
NULL
p = 0000000000B81530, q = 0000000000000000
End of while.
Addition ends.
The result is: 7 * x^0 + 11 * x^1 + 22 * x^7 + 9 * x^8 + -9 * x^10 + 5 * x^17 +