KVM虚拟化--安装部署kvm-CSDN博客

[root@kvm ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

May 09 04:08:05 localhost systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
May 09 04:08:06 localhost systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

2、关闭selinux保护

[root@kvm ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@kvm ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted


[root@kvm ~]# setenforce 0
[root@kvm ~]# getenforce
Permissive

3、测试与外网的连通性

[root@kvm ~]# ping aliyun.com -c4
PING aliyun.com (106.11.249.99) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 106.11.249.99 (106.11.249.99): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=23.6 ms
64 bytes from 106.11.249.99 (106.11.249.99): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=37.4 ms
64 bytes from 106.11.249.99 (106.11.249.99): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=37.1 ms
64 bytes from 106.11.249.99 (106.11.249.99): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=27.4 ms

--- aliyun.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3007ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 23.691/31.452/37.497/6.031 ms

4、清除原有镜像源

[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  docker-ce.repo
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *.repo
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]#

5、挂载镜像到/media目录

[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  4.3G   13G  25% /
devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    1.9G   13M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  170M  845M  17% /boot
tmpfs                    378M  8.0K  378M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                    378M   52K  378M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                 8.8G  8.8G     0 100% /media

6、配置本地yum源，创建并编写dvd.repo目录

[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# vi dvd.repo
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# cat dvd.repo
[kvm]
name=kvm
baseurl=file:///media
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

7、清除缓存并建立元数据

[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: kvm
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
kvm                                                              | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
(1/4): kvm/group_gz                                              | 166 kB  00:00:00
(2/4): kvm/primary_db                                            | 5.9 MB  00:00:00
(3/4): kvm/filelists_db                                          | 6.9 MB  00:00:00
(4/4): kvm/other_db                                              | 2.5 MB  00:00:00
Metadata Cache Created

若出现以下问题，则表示进程被占用

[root@kvm ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 15291.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory : 153 M RSS (570 MB VSZ)
    Started: Sat May 10 10:48:55 2025 - 02:14 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 15291
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory : 153 M RSS (570 MB VSZ)
    Started: Sat May 10 10:48:55 2025 - 02:16 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 15291

解决方法

[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# kill -9 15291
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop packagekit

8、查看镜像仓库

[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                    repo name                              status
kvm                                        kvm                                    9,911
repolist: 9,911

9、下载相关软件

[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# yum -y install qemu-kvm openssl libvirt virt-manager
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# rpm -q qemu-kvm openssl libvirt virt-manager
qemu-kvm-1.5.3-156.el7.x86_64
openssl-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64
libvirt-3.9.0-14.el7.x86_64
virt-manager-1.4.3-3.el7.noarch

10、查看虚拟环境

[root@kvm ~]# systemctl start libvirt
Failed to start libvirt.service: Unit not found.
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-05-10 11:03:27 EDT; 2h 40min ago
     Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
           https://libvirt.org
 Main PID: 66410 (libvirtd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
           ├─ 1698 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-s...
           ├─ 1699 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-s...
           └─66410 /usr/sbin/libvirtd

[root@kvm ~]# virsh --version
3.9.0
[root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ls -l /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5302384 Apr 12  2018 /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm

11、启动kvm

二、安装KVM虚拟机

1、选择安装

2、选择利用本地镜像安装

3、选择本地镜像

## 需要提前用远程传输工具（WinSCP等），将相关镜像传输到宿主机上

[root@kvm ~]# ls | grep iso
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso

4、设置内存和CPU大小

## 读者可自行按照需求进行配置

5、设置磁盘大小

## 读者可自行按照需求进行配置

6、设置主机名，并安装虚拟机

7、安装kvm虚拟机--centos 7.0

8、选择系统安装语言

9、选择支持语言

10、选择安装软件

## 读者可自行按照需求进行选择

11、配置磁盘分区，这里进行自动分区

## 读者可自行按照需求进行分区

12、打开并配置网络信息，设置主机名

## 读者可自行按照需求进行配置

13、配置完成后，开始安装

14、设置管理员用户root的密码，普通用户的账号和密码

15、接受许可证

三、登录KVM虚拟机---centos7.0并测试与物理主机的连通性

1、查看物理主机的网卡信息

C:\Users\lenovo>ip config
以太网适配器 VMware Network Adapter VMnet1:

   连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . :
   本地链接 IPv6 地址. . . . . . . . : fe80::332f:8b09:ddec:9f7c%19
   IPv4 地址 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.32.10.1
   子网掩码  . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   默认网关. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.32.110.1
                                       192.32.110.2

以太网适配器 VMware Network Adapter VMnet8:

   连接特定的 DNS 后缀 . . . . . . . :
   本地链接 IPv6 地址. . . . . . . . : fe80::784e:7ee0:4952:65ed%13
   IPv4 地址 . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.32.20.1
   子网掩码  . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   默认网关. . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.220.2

2、centos7.0虚拟机测试与物理主机的连通性

[root@node ~]# ping 192.32.10.1 -c4
PING 192.32.10.1 (192.32.10.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.32.10.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.751 ms
64 bytes from 192.32.10.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.985 ms
64 bytes from 192.32.10.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=1.35 ms
64 bytes from 192.32.10.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.789 ms

--- 192.32.10.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3018ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.751/0.970/1.358/0.243 ms