Linux基本指令查询硬件信息001

        在Linux系统中查询硬件信息可以通过多种命令行工具完成，本章主要讲述如何查询Linux硬件信息。

操作系统：

CentOS Stream 9

操作步骤：

指令uname -a :  显示内核版本、硬件名称、操作系统等基本信息。

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 5.14.0-427.el9.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Feb 23 04:45:07 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# 

 指令 lscpu: 提供CPU架构、速度、核心数等详细信息。

   cat /proc/cpuinfo: 查看更详细的CPU信息，包括每个核心的具体情况。

[root@localhost ~]# lscpu
架构：                   x86_64
  CPU 运行模式：         32-bit, 64-bit
  Address sizes:         45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
  字节序：               Little Endian
CPU:                     4
  在线 CPU 列表：        0-3
厂商 ID：                GenuineIntel
  BIOS Vendor ID:        GenuineIntel
  型号名称：             13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-13500H
    BIOS Model name:     13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-13500H
    CPU 系列：           6
    型号：               186
    每个核的线程数：     1
    每个座的核数：       2
    座：                 2
    步进：               2
    BogoMIPS：           6374.39
    标记：               fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon rep_g
                         ood nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16
                         c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clw
                         b sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves avx_vnni arat umip pku ospke gfni vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid movdiri movdir64b fsrm md_clear serialize flush_l1d arch_capabilitie
                         s
Virtualization features: 
  超管理器厂商：         VMware
  虚拟化类型：           完全
Caches (sum of all):     
  L1d:                   192 KiB (4 instances)
  L1i:                   128 KiB (4 instances)
  L2:                    5 MiB (4 instances)
  L3:                    36 MiB (2 instances)
NUMA:                    
  NUMA 节点：            1
  NUMA 节点0 CPU：       0-3
Vulnerabilities:         
  Gather data sampling:  Not affected
  Itlb multihit:         KVM: Mitigation: VMX unsupported
  L1tf:                  Not affected
  Mds:                   Not affected
  Meltdown:              Not affected
  Mmio stale data:       Unknown: No mitigations
  Retbleed:              Not affected
  Spec rstack overflow:  Not affected
  Spec store bypass:     Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
  Spectre v1:            Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
  Spectre v2:            Mitigation; Enhanced / Automatic IBRS, IBPB conditional, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence
  Srbds:                 Not affected
  Tsx async abort:       Not affected
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        3976796 kB
MemFree:         3624840 kB
MemAvailable:    3557308 kB
Buffers:            1664 kB
Cached:            81480 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           102800 kB
Inactive:          20920 kB
Active(anon):      38464 kB
Inactive(anon):    11340 kB
Active(file):      64336 kB
Inactive(file):     9580 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:             0 kB
SwapFree:              0 kB
Zswap:                 0 kB
Zswapped:              0 kB
Dirty:                 0 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:         40576 kB
Mapped:            38016 kB
Shmem:              9228 kB
KReclaimable:      31008 kB
Slab:              86580 kB
SReclaimable:      31008 kB
SUnreclaim:        55572 kB
KernelStack:        5808 kB
PageTables:         1576 kB
SecPageTables:         0 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:     1988396 kB
Committed_AS:     168032 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:       55748 kB
VmallocChunk:          0 kB
Percpu:            47616 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:     10240 kB
ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
FileHugePages:         0 kB
FilePmdMapped:         0 kB
CmaTotal:              0 kB
CmaFree:               0 kB
Unaccepted:            0 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
Hugetlb:               0 kB
DirectMap4k:      147264 kB
DirectMap2M:     2998272 kB
DirectMap1G:     3145728 kB
[root@localhost ~]# 

指令：lsblk: 列出所有可用的块设备及其挂载点、大小等。

    df -h: 显示已挂载文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况。

    fdisk -l: 列出所有磁盘的分区布局。

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                 8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1              8:1    0  4.7G  0 part /boot
└─sda2              8:2    0 15.3G  0 part 
  └─cs_bogon-root 253:0    0 15.3G  0 lvm  /
sr0                11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                   容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                   4.0M     0  4.0M    0% /dev
tmpfs                      1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      777M  9.1M  768M    2% /run
/dev/mapper/cs_bogon-root   16G  2.0G   14G   13% /
/dev/sda1                  4.6G  220M  4.4G    5% /boot
tmpfs                      389M     0  389M    0% /run/user/1000
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda：20 GiB，21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
磁盘型号：VMware Virtual S
单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x0482781b

设备       启动    起点     末尾     扇区  大小 Id 类型
/dev/sda1  *       2048  9766911  9764864  4.7G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       9766912 41943039 32176128 15.3G 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/mapper/cs_bogon-root：15.34 GiB，16471031808 字节，32169984 个扇区
单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@localhost ~]# 

  指令 ip addr 或 ifconfig: 显示网络接口的IP地址、掩码、广播地址等

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.0.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:4aaa  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:d2:4a:aa  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 990  bytes 463809 (452.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 946  bytes 102679 (100.2 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d2:4a:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp3s0
    inet 192.168.0.11/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:4aaa/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]#